多轴特种车辆传动系统机械摩擦阻力损失与传动效率研究综述  

Review on the mechanical friction resistance loss and transmission efficiency of a multi-axle special vehicle transmission system

作　　者：高蕾 刘志浩 高钦和 王冬 黄通 章一博 GAO Lei;LIU Zhihao;GAO Qinhe;WANG Dong;HUANG Tong;ZHANG Yibo(School of Missile Engineering,Rocket Force University of Engineering,Xi’an 710025,China;School of Highway,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]火箭军工程大学导弹工程学院,西安710025 [2]长安大学公路学院,西安710054

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第18期138-154,共17页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51905541);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2020JQ487);陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划(20190412)。

摘　　要：在多轴特种车辆重载化和机动化的发展过程中,动力传动性能是其快速机动作战能力的保证,也是战时生存能力的一种体现。传动系统的内部阻力损失会使动力传输效率下降从而直接影响动力性能,其中机械摩擦阻力损失是传动系统主要损失。该文章围绕传动系统机械摩擦阻力损失特性与传动效率研究方法,首先分析了多轴特种车辆传动系统的结构特殊性,表明了传动效率对传动系统性能的重要性;其次通过分析齿轮啮合功率损失、轴承摩擦功率损失、油封功率损失和传动轴功率损失4种主要类型机械摩擦阻力损失的形成机理、主要影响因素,表明了传动效率与部件结构参数、运行条件之间的关系,为传动系统性能表征提供了分析依据;然后从理论数值研究、仿真研究和试验论证研究3个方面综述传动系统效率的研究核心与难点,为实现对车辆传动部件的优化设计与状态监测、传动系统的优化匹配与性能评估提供指导思路;最后阐述了对当前传动效率特性研究深度的展望,认为多因素的耦合分析、不确定性分析,功率损失的动态特性分析,以及基于车辆行驶工况的综合传动效率分析更具有工程应用价值。In the development of heavy-duty and motorization multi-axle special vehicles,power transmission performances are the guarantee for their rapid maneuvering combat ability and the manifestation of wartime survivability.The internal resistance loss of the transmission system will reduce the power transmission efficiency and directly affect the power performance,in which the mechanical friction resistance loss is the main loss of the transmission system.Focusing on the mechanical friction resistance loss characteristics and transmission efficiency analysis methods of the transmission system,firstly,the structural particularity of the multi-axle special vehicle transmission system was discussed and the importance of transmission efficiency to the transmission system performance was revealed.The formation mechanism and main influencing factors of following four main types of mechanical friction resistance loss were analyzed,namely the gear meshing power loss,bearing friction power loss,oil seal power loss and transmission shaft power loss,showing the relationship of the transmission efficiency,with the structural parameters of components and operating conditions,and thus providing an analytical basis for the characterization of transmission system performances.Then,the crucial points and difficulties in the study of transmission system efficiency were summarized from three aspects:theoretical and numerical study,simulation study and experimental demonstration study,providing the guidance for the optimal design and condition monitoring of transmission components,optimal matching and performance evaluation of transmission systems.Finally,the prospect of the current research depth of transmission efficiency characteristics was expounded,and it is considered that the multi-factor coupling analysis,uncertainty analysis,dynamic characteristic analysis of power loss,and comprehensive transmission efficiency analysis based on vehicle driving conditions are more valuable for engineering application.

关 键 词：多轴特种车辆 传动系统 机械摩擦阻力损失 齿轮啮合摩擦功率损失 轴承摩擦功率损失 传动效率 动力性能 

分 类 号：U463.21[机械工程—车辆工程] TJ812[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程] TH132[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]