内置动力吸振器的宽频减振车刀设计及试验  

Design and experiment of a broadband vibration-damping turning tool with a built-in dynamic vibration absorber

作　　者：张明华 杨国庆 杨毅青[2,3] 高浩洋 汪广平 ZHANG Minghua;YANG Guoqing;YANG Yiqing;GAO Haoyang;WANG Guangping(Beijing Spacecrafts,Beijing 100094,China;School of Mechanical Engineering&Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Jiangxi Research Institute of Beihang University,Nanchang 330096,China;Changhe Aircraft Industries(GROUP)Ltd.,Jingdezhen 333001,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卫星制造厂有限公司,北京100094 [2]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191 [3]北京航空航天大学江西研究院,南昌330096 [4]航空工业昌河飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司,江西景德镇333001

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第18期338-344,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91960108,51675032)。

摘　　要：航空结构件中存在大量深孔特征,在加工时需要使用大长径比车刀。随着悬长增加,刀具刚性急剧下降,易引发强烈切削振动,严重制约了加工效率和加工精度的提高。在采用连续梁理论对刀杆进行动力学建模的基础上,研究了刀杆与吸振器耦合系统频响函数预测方法,进而实现考虑主结构背景模态的动力吸振器参数精确优化;结合工程实际,设计内置动力吸振器的宽频减振车刀,通过齿轮齿条机构实现车刀频率大范围调节,满足不同长径比加工需求。模态试验表明,内置吸振器频率调节范围为365~442 Hz;减振车刀动刚度提高了104.1%和120.3%,阻尼比提高了143.5%和175.6%。切削试验显示加工噪声幅值、加速度幅值平均下降42%,38%。There are lots of deep hole features in aviation structural parts,so large aspect ratio turning tools are needed in machining.With the increase of overhang length,the stiffness of cutting tool drops sharply,which leads to intense vibration and restricts the improvement of machining efficiency and precision.Based on the dynamic modeling of the tool bar with continuous beam theory,the prediction method for the frequency response function of the bar-absorber coupling system was studied.Combining with the engineering practice,a broadband vibration-damping turning tool with a dynamic vibration absorber was designed.Modal experiments show that the frequency adjustment range of the built-in vibration absorber is 365-442 Hz.The dynamic stiffness of the vibration damping turning tool is increased by 104.1%and 120.3%,and the damping ratio is increased by 143.5%and 175.6%.Experiments show that the amplitudes of machining noise and acceleration decrease by 42%and 38%on average.

关 键 词：车刀 振动控制 吸振器 阻尼 

分 类 号：TH161.6[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]