显微组织调控提升Ni基单晶高温合金蠕变寿命  

Microstructure control to improve the creep life of Ni-based single crystal superalloy

作　　者：龙海波 韩梦园 赵俊博 王文帅 赵德斌 毛圣成[1] 张泽[2] 韩晓东[1,3] LONG Hai-bo;HAN Meng-yuan;ZHAO Jun-bo;WANG Wen-shuai;ZHAO De-bin;MAO Sheng-cheng;ZHANG Ze;HAN Xiao-dong(Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027;Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen Guangdong 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学材料与制造学部,北京100124 [2]浙江大学材料科学与工程学院,浙江杭州310027 [3]南方科技大学材料科学与工程系,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《电子显微学报》2023年第5期642-664,共23页Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(No.2021YFA1200201);国家自然科学基金资助项目(Nos.51988101,91860202,52171001,52071003);北京新星计划(No.Z211100002121170)资助;北京市教育委员会科研计划资助项目(No.KM202210005003).

摘　　要：航空发动机被称为“工业上的皇冠”,是一个国家科技水平、工业水平以及综合国力的集中体现。Ni基高温合金是制备发动机核心热端部件不可替代的关键材料,理解、掌握它的组织结构稳定性及失效机理是保障发动机使役安全的基础。电子显微学是表征组织结构及其演变规律的重要手段,它在指导制备工艺优化、揭示合金元素强化机制、阐明组织结构损伤规律和构建组织与性能内秉关系的四个方面对高温合金研究起到了不可或缺的作用。通过消除晶界这一高温下的薄弱服役环节,Ni基高温合金的制备经历了铸造→定向凝固→单晶的发展。通过添加Re元素延缓组织结构退化,进而添加Ru元素抑制有害相析出,据此发展出6代Ni基单晶高温合金。本文结合镍基单晶高温合金组织结构的系统电子显微学表征,揭示了服役条件下发生缺陷的产生与运动、拓扑密堆相的析出与演变和表面的氧化等组织结构损伤机制。最后,本文阐述了如何通过设计初始最佳组织结构的分布区间,以获得组织结构与使役寿命的对应关系。Aero-engine is considered as“the crown of industry”,which is the embodiment of a country’s scientific and technological level,industrial level and comprehensive national strength.Ni-based superalloy is an irreplaceable key material for preparing engine core hot-end components.Understanding and mastering its structural stability and failure mechanism is the basis for ensuring the safety of engine service.Electron microscopy is an essential mean to characterize the microstructure and the evolution of superalloys,which plays an important role in studying superalloys in the following aspects:(1)guiding the optimization of the preparation process,(2)revealing the strengthening mechanism of alloy elements,(3)elucidating the damage law of microstructure and(4)constructing the relationship between microstructure and properties.By eliminating the weak service link of grain boundary at high temperatures,the preparation of Ni-based superalloy has experienced the development from casting to directional solidification and to single crystal.The sixth generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy was developed by adding the Re element to delay microstructure degradation and then adding the Ru element to restrain the precipitation of harmful phases.In this review,the microstructure damage mechanism of Ni-based single crystal superalloys including the generation and movement of defects was systematically characterized by electron microscopic.The precipitation and evolution of topological closed packed phase and surface oxidation were revealed.Finally,this review describes how to design the distribution interval of the initial optimal organizational structure to obtain the corresponding relationship between the organizational structure and the service life.

关 键 词：NI基高温合金 电子显微学 制备工艺 合金元素 损伤机制 

分 类 号：TG132.32[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG115.215.3[金属学及工艺—合金] TB31[金属学及工艺—金属学]