冲积河流平滩流量的确定方法研究  

Study on Bankfull Discharge Calculating Method of Alluvial River Channel

作　　者：孙赞盈[1] 范冰洁 张敏[1] 尚红霞[1] SUN Zanying;FAN Bingjie;ZHANG Min;SHANG Hongxia(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Shanxi Yellow River Flexible Flood Proofing Emergency,Yuncheng 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]山西黄河机动抢险队,山西运城044000

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第10期38-43,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2019-07);河南省自然科学基金面上项目(212300410373);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U2243220);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52009047)。

摘　　要：为了使小浪底水库尽可能泄放大流量冲刷黄河下游河道主槽,进一步改善悬河的形势,同时又不至于引起漫滩,造成滩区损失,很有必要尽可能准确地确定黄河下游河道的平滩流量。分析曼宁公式等方法无法用于计算冲积河流平滩流量的原因,采用充分利用河道沿程水文站、水位站、险工水尺及河道统测大断面测时水位资料推求大断面洪水位和流量涨率的方法,推算每年汛前河道大断面的平滩流量,具有实用、可靠和简单的优点。2020年汛期的实地测量结果显示,平滩流量预估误差为1%~6%,预估的结果和实际情况十分接近。尽可能结合水文站的流量过程,采用水位资料推算大断面的平滩流量,并且尽可能采用较大流量的资料,可以减少误差。In order to choose the maximum discharge of artificial flood of Xiaolangdi Reservoir which have a better effect of channel erosion,minimizing secondary suspended river degree of Lower Yellow River and do not causing overbanking flood,we should precisely calculate the bankfull discharge of the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The researchers have analyzed the reasons why hydraulic calculation methods such as Manning’s formula didn’t have better effect to calculate the alluvial river bankfull discharge.Then we proposed a comprehensive ap-proach,which based on the measured data of hydrological station,water stage gauging station,water stage on the river control works and channel cross-section,to deduce the water level in flood and rising rate of water level at each cross-sections,and to calculate the bankfull discharge at each cross-section in pre-flood season.Based on the results of the field measurements during the 2020 flood season,the error be-tween the actual bank flow and the prediction was 1%-6%,in other words the predictions were close to reality.It is concluded that,the water level data at hydrological station and water stage gauging station should be used to extrapolate the bankfull discharge at cross-sections as far as possible,and larger discharge should be used to reduce errors and improve the accuracy of the bankfull discharge predictions as far as possible.

关 键 词：平滩流量 冲积河流 涨冲落淤 动床阻力 曼宁公式 黄河下游 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学] TV882.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]