非充分条件之客观关联共同侵权责任研究——《民法典》第1172条的解释论考察  

The Study on Objective Connection Joint Tort Liability of Non-sufficient Conditions——Interpretation of Article 1172 of the Civil Code

作　　者：梁清华[1] 张亦铭 Liang Qinghua;Zhang Yiming(University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院,北京100029

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期40-47,共8页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA156)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第1172条适用按份责任的规范思路,削弱了行为与损害之间的客观关联,不利于侵权法损害填补功能的发挥。它不仅影响了我国数人侵权体系的严密性,还窒碍了条文理解适用与司法裁判统一。相较而言,适用连带责任具有多重维度的正当性与合理性。行为人承担连带责任以“关联共同性”为理论基础,能够充分救济受害人所受损害,顺应了大陆法系各国的立法潮流,并且能够修正现行规定之不足。鉴于此,应当依托“客观关联共同说”对《民法典》第1172条予以解释完善。对于造成同一不可分损害的非充分条件之客观关联共同侵权,以承担连带赔偿责任为原则。在内部关系中,已经承担全部损害赔偿责任的侵权人,可以按照责任大小进行追偿。In article 1172 of the Civil Code,the normative thinking of proportional liability,which weakens the objective connection between the act and the damage,and is not conducive to the function of tort law to fill the damage.It not only affects the tightness of China’s tort system,but also hinders the application of the provisions and the uniformity of judicial decisions.In contrast,the application of joint and several liability has multiple dimensions of legitimacy and rationality.The joint and several liability of the perpetrator is based on the theory of“connected commonality”,which can fully remedy the damage suffered by the victim,in line with the trend of the legislation of civil law countries,and can amend the inadequacy of the existing provisions.In view of this,Article 1172 of the Civil Code should be interpreted and improved based on the“Objectively associated joint theory”.For objective connection joint tort,which causing the same undivided damage,the principle of joint and several liability should be assumed.In the internal relationship,the tortfeasor who has already assumed full responsibility for the damages may recover them internally according to the degree of responsibility.

关 键 词：客观关联共同侵权 关联共同性 损害填补 连带责任 

分 类 号：D923.7[政治法律—民商法学]