社会保障的两种理论维度:“再商品化”互构论与“去商品化”权利论  

Two Theoretical Dimensions of Social Security: The Mutual-construction Theory of“Recommodification” and the Right Theory of “Decommodification”

作　　者：王一[1] WANG Yi(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院,长春130012

出　　处：《学习与探索》2023年第9期93-105,180,共14页Study & Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“互联网时代农民工‘零工经济’的社会保护研究”(21CSH068)。

摘　　要：现代社会保障制度在“再商品化”互构论和“去商品化”权利论的共同推动下不断演进,两种理论维度分别对应社会保障的市场原则和权利原则,市场原则和权利原则的平衡是社会保障的理论诉求和实践要求。西方社会保障制度正在经历的理论与实践双重共识困境正是两个原则失衡的后果,究其根源在于西方社会保障制度受制于资本逻辑,无法实现市场原则与权利原则的真正平衡。我国社会保障实践既立足于国情,又受到国际社会保障潮流的影响,建成了世界上规模最大的多层次社会保障体系,较好地满足了社会成员的基本社会保障需要。但我国以就业群体为中心的“职工—居民”二元社会保障制度在均衡性、可及性、可持续性等方面仍面临挑战,其根本原因同样是市场原则与权利原则尚未达到理想的平衡状态。在未来的发展中,我国需要在超越西方资本逻辑的共同富裕思想指导下,建构“去商品化”共存共享与“再商品化”共建共享相结合的社会保障制度,通过基本生存保障制度、风险防范制度和基本公共服务支持三个层次实现权利原则和市场原则比较理想的平衡状态,克服我国社会保障制度的突出问题,探索满足时代发展需要的中国式现代化社会保障新实践。The modern social security system is constantly evolving under the joint promotion of the theory of“recommodification”and the theory of“decommodification”rights.The two theoretical dimensions correspond to the market principles and rights principles of social security,respectively.The balance between market principles and rights principles is the theoretical demand and practical requirement of social security.The consensus dilemma that western social security is undergoing is the consequence of an imbalance between the two principles.The root cause lies in the fact that the western social security system is constrained by the logic of capital and cannot achieve a true balance between market principles and rights principles.The Chinese practice of social security not only takes a foothold in the national situation of China,but also is influenced by the trend of social security in the international community,to gradually form a comprehensive social security system and meet the basic need of members of society for social security.However,the two principles in the comprehensive social security system have not yet reached an ideal balance,which results in that employment groups-centered“worker-resident”dual social security system of China is always faced with problems such as equilibrium,accessibility,sustainability.In future development,under the guidance of the idea of common prosperity which goes beyond the logic of western capital,China needs to construct a social security system combining the coexistence and sharing of“decommodification”with the joint construction and sharing of“recommodification”,achieve an ideal balance between the two principles through three levels of basic survival guarantee system,risk prevention system,and basic public service support,overcome the prominent problems of China’s social security system,and explore the new practice of social security of a Chinese path to modernization to meet the needs of the development of the times.

关 键 词：社会保障理论 “去商品化” “再商品化” 共同富裕 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]