《资本论》中的农业现代化问题研究及其当代意义  

A Study of Agricultural Modernization in Capital and Its Contemporary Significance

作　　者：林密 杨丽京 LIN Mi;YANG Li-jing

机构地区：[1]厦门大学马克思主义学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2023年第5期183-195,239,240,共15页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BZX018)。

摘　　要：农业现代化是《资本论》中关于资本主义生产方式批判的一个隐性议题,具体呈现为农业工业化、农村社会关系现代化与农民职业化三个维度。农业工业化是农业现代化的基础与本质,农村社会关系的现代化转型是农业现代化的历史前提与社会基础,农民职业化则彰显了农业现代化的主体向度及其资本限度。资本主义农业现代化的本质特征是农业工业化,农业越来越成为工业生产的一个部门,为资本所支配。要推动农业工业化,资本不仅需要变革原有的农村关系,建构一套与资本主义农业生产相适应的社会基础;而且需要通过对传统农民的改造,创造出适合资本主义生产关系的雇佣劳动者。这一过程既表现为资本剥夺农民的残酷血腥过程,也昭示着人类摆脱“人的依赖关系”迈向“物的依赖性”的历史进程,同时也是农业农村农民更高形态现代化发展阶段的历史孕育过程。基于马克思农业现代化的研究视域,中国式的农业现代化道路彰显了中国式现代化的本质内涵、中国特色以及创造人类文明新形态的历史自觉。Agricultural modernization is an implicit issue in the criticism of capitalist mode of production in Capital and its manuscripts,which is embodied in three dimensions:agricultural industrialization,modernization of rural social relations and farmer's professionalization.Agricultural industrialization is the basis and essence of agricultural modernization,the modernization of rural social relations is the social basis of agricultural modernization,and farmer's professionalization shows the subject dimension of human modernization and its capital limit.The essential characteristic of capitalist agricultural modernization is the industrialization of agriculture.Agriculture has increasingly become a sector of industrial production and is dominated by capital.To promote agricultural industrialization,capital needs not only to change the original rural relations,but also to construct a set of social foundation suitable for capitalist agricultural production.Moreover,it is necessary to create wage laborers suitable for capitalist production relations through the transformation of traditional farmers.This process is not only manifested as the cruel and bloody process of capital deprivation of farmers,but also indicates the historical process of human beings getting rid of"relationships of personal dependence"and moving towards"dependence mediated by things".At the same time,it breeds the trend of farmer modernization in a higher form.From the perspective of Marx's research on agricultural modernization,Chinese agricultural modernization reveals the essential connotation and Chinese characteristics of Chinese modernization,and reflects the historical consciousness of China to create a new form of human civilization.

关 键 词：《资本论》 农业现代化 农业工业化 农村社会关系现代化 农民职业化 

分 类 号：F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学] F320.1