艺人的作为:“传”字辈昆剧承传之路述论  

Artists'Achievements:On the Inheritance of Kunqu by the“Chuan”Generation of Kunqu Artists

作　　者：朱云涛 ZHU Yuntao

机构地区：[1]江苏开放大学艺术学院

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2023年第4期41-54,共14页Theatre Arts

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目“江苏老年艺术生活的形态特征与组织模式创新研究”(19YSD005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：戏以人传,昆剧传习所的创办赋予了“传”字辈承传昆剧的历史使命。作为承传的主体,“传”字辈在继承全福班艺人技艺之后,通过长期的舞台实践以及向后辈传艺延续了昆剧的一脉馨香。不过,因为受到各种因素的影响和制约,他们的昆剧传承之路表现出明显的阶段性,昆剧艺术的特征和品质也随之发生变化。20世纪二三十年代,“传”字辈继承了正统的昆剧艺术,其后出于竞争的需要,表演中融入了京剧的技艺。20世纪五六十年代,由于培养方式、传承观念以及地域文化的不同,江浙沪三地昆剧演剧风格呈现出地域性差异。20世纪八九十年代,“传”字辈与其后辈在观念上存在冲突,由此引发昆剧艺术的诸多变异。Kunqu is passed on by people.With the establishment of the Kunqu Academy,the“Chuan”generation has been entrusted with the historical mission of inheriting Kunqu.As the subject of inheritance,the“Chuan”generation performed the skills they inherited from the artists of the Quanfu Troupe and taught the skills to the younger generation.The“Chuan”generation was influenced and restricted by various factors,resulting in changes in the characteristics and artistic quality of Kunqu.In the 1920s and 1930s,the“Chuan”generation inherited the orthodox Kunqu art,and then,due to competition,their performance incorporated the skills of Jingju.In the 1950s and 1960s,due to differences in training methods,inheritance concepts and regional culture,the performance styles of Kunqu in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai showed regional differences.In the 1980s and 1990s,there was a conceptual conflict between the“Chuan”generation and its descendants,which led to many variations in the art of Kunqu.

关 键 词：“传”字辈 昆剧传承 姑苏风范 昆剧形态 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]