长江感潮河道形态变化的遥感分析  

A Remote Sensing Analysis of Riverbed Channel Changes in Tidal Yangtze River Section

作　　者：马慧晨 郭磊城 吴增斌 彭忠 MA Hui-chen;GUO Lei-cheng;WU Zeng-bin;PENG Zhong(State Key Lab.of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第8期1641-1652,共12页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41876091);科技部中荷战略合作重点研发项目(2016YFE0133700);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51739005)。

摘　　要：感潮河流是以单向水流为主、同时受到潮波影响的陆海过渡河段。以长江为例,感潮河段包括大通到江阴近500 km区间。以往对感潮河段地形演变研究主要基于海图水深的冲淤分析,较少考虑河道平面形态的变化。基于1989~2021年间的遥感影像,分析了长江大通-徐六泾河段的平面形态及时空演变特征,定量计算了岸线及河道面积的变化。研究表明近30年来长江感潮河段岸线长度整体增加约4.5 km,江心洲滩面积净增加约96 km^(2)。河道区间内大型江心洲呈现淤涨态势,中小型江心洲数量和面积减少。河道左右岸线的演变各具特点,河道左岸沿程变幅较大,以年均4.10 m/a向河道淤涨,河道右岸演变呈现明显的时空分布。人类活动(如围垦和筑堤)以及流域水沙变化是该河段河道形态演变的主控因素。研究结果可为长江的航道整治和河道管理提供参考。Tidal river is a land-ocean transitional section with unidirectional water flow and is subject to tidal wave influence.For example,the~500 km long section between Datong and Jiangyin is regarded as a tidal river in the Yangtze River.Previous studies mainly focused on bathymetric changes based on the scour and sedimentation analysis of the water depth of the chart,while the geometric changes are less reported.Based on remote sensing images for 1989 to 2021,we analyze spatial-temporal changes of the channel geometry for the Datong-Xulujing reaches and quantify changes in the shoreline and channel area.Results show that the length of shorelines increased by~4.5 km,and area of the islands and sand bars increased by~96 km^(2)in the past 30 years.Large islands and sand bars sustain growth while the medium to small-sized islands and bars receded in both number and area.The evolution of the left and right shorelines of the river channel shows their own characteristics.The left shoreline demonstrates an expansion to the river channel at an average annual rate of 4.10 m/a.The evolution of the right shoreline shows an apparent temporal and spatial distribution.Human activities in terms of reclamation and diking and reduction in sediment load are the main controlling factors of these changes.The outcomes can provide reference for the waterway regulation and river management of the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：长江 感潮河段 平面形态 遥感 

分 类 号：P736.22[天文地球—海洋地质]