韧性乡村:当代流变与国家建构——兼论城镇化中的民生安全  

Resilient Villages:Contemporary Evolution and National Construction——A Reviewon Livelihood Protection inthe Processof Urbanization

作　　者：吴业苗 WU Yemiao

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2023年第9期137-151,共15页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“美好生活视域下乡村民生新需求与公共服务提升研究”(项目编号:19BSH157)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：韧性乡村是建设中国式现代化的重要社会基础。乡村以农业、农村和农民为基本面,韧性乡村以韧性农业为经济基础,以韧性农村或村庄社区为重要载体,以韧性农民为核心要素。没有农业发展、农村稳定与农民增收,乡村就难以应对自然灾害、市场交易风险和城镇化发展压力。中国乡村不乏韧性,传统乡村的风俗、人情等地方性资源和新中国成立后国家开展的系列乡村建设行动,都在一定程度上维系着乡村韧性。然而,城镇化发展在拓展乡村发展空间、提高农民收入的同时,却增加了农业发展、农村建设和农民致富的不确定性。尽管乡村的“公共性”和“包容性”机制仍在一定程度上维护着乡村韧性,使其“弱而不衰,脆而不碎”,但它们的作用在城镇化快速发展时期明显式微。为了破解乡村发展体制僵化,阻断乡村资源被超额提取,也为了消弭城乡发展差距,实现城乡融合发展,国家相继推行“放权-少取-多予-赋能”等政策举措建构韧性乡村。全面推进乡村振兴需要将建设韧性乡村作为时代主题。Resilient village is an important social basis for the construction of modern socialist country.Villages are based on agriculture,rural areas and peasants.Resilient agriculture is the economic foundation of resilient villages.Resilient rural areas/communities are critical carriers of resilient villages.Resilient peasants are the"active"elements of resilient villages.Without agricultural development,rural stability and peasants'income increase,and villages will be vulnerable to natural disasters,market transaction risks and urbanization development pressures.Chinese villages don't lack resilience.Local resources such as customs and human relationships in traditional villages and a series of rural constructions carried out by the government after the founding of People's Republic of China,all maintain rural resilience at a certain extent.However,expect expanding rural development space and increasing farmers'income,urbanization has also increased the uncertainty of agricultural development,rural construction and farmers'prosperity.Although the"publicness"and"inclusiveness"of the villages still maintain the stability of the rural social structure with the rural society retaining the vitality of"weak but not declining,fragile but still intact".Their role has obviously weakened in the development of urbanization.To combat against the rigidity of the rural development system,block the over-extraction of rural resources,and eliminate the urban-rural development gap to achieve urban-rural integration,government has successively implemented policies and measures such as"delegating power-taking less-giving more-integration"in its bid to build resilient villages.Building a more resilient countryside requires the country to"make more efforts",and regard it as the theme of the times to comprehensively promote rural revitalization.

关 键 词：韧性乡村 民生安全 城镇化 确定性 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]