广西上林民间炼硝制药探微  

A Study on Folk Manufacture of Potassium Nitrate and Black Powder in Shanglin County,Guangxi Province

作　　者：樊道智 高策 容志毅[2] 陈凤梅 FAN Daozhi;GAO Ce;RONG Zhiyi;CHEN Fengme(Institute for History of Science and Technology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Institute for History and Culture of Science&Technology,Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,China;Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术史研究所,太原030006 [2]广西民族大学科技史与科技文化研究院,南宁530006 [3]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2023年第2期251-263,共13页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“道教外丹黄白术史研究”(项目编号:19BZJ044)。

摘　　要：黑火药配制自东晋流传至明清时期日臻成熟。民间流传“一硝二黄三木炭”的传统黑火药配方因时空、技术及使用场景等差异呈现出各自的特点。硝土作为黑火药制造的三大主要原料之一,其制取工艺水平关乎火药的质量。晚清以降,来自广西上林下敢庄的炼硝师们借助当地丰富的硝土资源,不舍昼夜、冒险求索,终得黑火药制造之要法。经考下敢清末所流传的黑火药配方及相关制造工艺,发现其与传统标准黑火药的配制存在细微差别,这可能与当地火药的使用场景与制造习惯有关。上林民间土法炼硝及黑火药制造活动见证了当地村民艰苦创业、开拓进取的生活生产历史,为考察广西清末民间炼硝制药实践提供了研究案例。Black gunpowder preparation from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties became increasingly mature.Due to the differences in time and space,technology and use scenarios,the traditional black powder formula of“one nitrate,two sulfur and three charcoal”spreading among the Chinese folk presents varied characteristics.As one of the three main raw materials of black gunpowder manufacturing,the production process level was related to the quality of gunpowder.After the late Qing Dynasty,several generations of nitrate masters from Shanglin Xiagan Village,Guangxi,with the help of the local rich nitrate resources,searched day and night and finally got the important method of black gunpowder manufacturing.After studying the black powder formula and related manufacturing technology spread in the village in the late Qing Dynasty,we have found that there are subtle differences compared with the preparation of traditional standard black powder,which may be related to the use scene and manufacturing habits of local gunpowder.The manufacturing of nitrification and black gunpowder practice witnessed the local villagers'production history and and their hardworking and pioneering spirit of life,which can be taken as a rare case to explore the Guangxi folk nitrate pharmaceutical smelting in the late Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：炼硝 黑火药 配比 制造工艺 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] TQ561[化学工程—炸药化工]