数据要素市场培育的制约因素及其突破路径  

The Constraints and Breakthrough Paths of Cultivating the Data Element Market

作　　者：刘雅君[1] 张雅俊 LIU Ya-jun;ZHANG Ya-jun

机构地区：[1]吉林省社会科学院 [2]中国社会科学院大学商学院

出　　处：《改革》2023年第9期21-33,共13页Reform

摘　　要：数字经济时代,数据因有别于传统生产要素的技术—经济特征而成为现代生产要素。培育数据要素市场需要实现数据要素市场化配置、畅通数据要素交易流通和充分释放数据要素价值三重构建目标。中国数据要素市场发展迅速,市场建设有序推进,但基础制度仍不完善,尚未充分挖掘数据要素市场规模并释放发展潜力。当前面临着数据安全保护不足、开放共享流通不畅、数据权属不清、双重信任困境难规避、定价和交易体系不健全等现实挑战和制约因素。破解数据要素市场化困局,未来应基于“制度支撑—交易体系—市场监管—技术赋能”四位一体的发展路径,以数据要素分类分级为起点,通过数据要素确权、定价和参与收入分配的机制等制度基础支撑数据要素有效供给;加快数据要素市场交易体系构建;推动科学立法与规范监管,保障和支撑数据要素市场交易及运行。培育数据要素市场,应加速推动要素市场化配置,充分释放数据要素价值,赋能数字中国建设。In the age of digital economy,data has become a modern element of production because of its technology-economy characteristics which are different from traditional elements of production.To cultivate the data element market,it is necessary to realize three construction objectives:market allocation of data element,unimpeded transaction circulation of data element and full release of value of data element.China's data element market is developing rapidly,and the market construction is progressing in an orderly manner,but the basic system is still imperfect,and the data element market size has not been fully tapped and the development potential has not been released.At present,we are faced with realistic challenges and constraints such as poor circulation of open sharing,unclear ownership of data,dilemma of double trust,unsound pricing and trading system.In order to solve the dilemma of marketization of data factors,we should base on the five-in-one development path of"classification protection-institutional support-transaction management-market regulation-technology empowerment"in the future,take data factors classification as the starting point,and support the effective supply of data factors through such institutional foundations as rights confirmation,pricing and participation in income distribution mechanism of data factors;accelerate the construction of a data element market trading system;promote scientific legislation and standardized supervision to ensure and support the trading and operation of the data element market.To cultivate the data element market,we should accelerate the market-oriented allocation of data factors,fully release the value of data element,and empower the construction of digital China.

关 键 词：数据要素 数据要素市场 数字经济 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]