西风带大陆高压外围新疆哈密地区典型暴雨事件水汽输送特征对比分析  

Water Vapor Transport Characteristics During Typical Rainstorm Events Around Westerlies Continental High in Hami Area,Xinjiang

作　　者：刘晶[1,2,3,4] 刘兆旭 杨莲梅 李建刚[1,2,3,4] 曾勇 仝泽鹏[1,2,3,4] 江雨霏 周玉淑[1,6,7] LIU Jing;LIU Zhaoxu;YANG Lianmei;LI Jiangang;ZENG Yong;TONG Zepeng;JIANG Yufei;ZHOU Yushu(Institute of Desert Meteorology,CMA,Urumqi 830002;Center for Central Asia Atmosphere Science Research,Urumqi 830002;Xinjiang Cloud Precipitation Physics and Cloud Water Resources Development Laboratory,Urumqi 830002;Field Scientific Observation Base of Cloud Precipitation Physics in West Tianshan Mountains,Urumqi 830002;Center for Xinjiang Lightning Protection and Disaster Reduction,Urumqi 830002;Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;School of Earth Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中亚大气科学研究中心,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆云降水物理与云水资源开发实验室,乌鲁木齐830002 [4]西天山云降水物理野外科学观测基地,乌鲁木齐830002 [5]新疆维吾尔自治区防雷减灾中心,乌鲁木齐830002 [6]中国科学院大气物理研究所,云降水物理与强风暴实验室,北京100029 [7]中国科学院大学地球科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《气象》2023年第9期1045-1062,共18页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1507102);新疆气象局引导性计划项目(YD202301);新疆维吾尔自治区引进高层次人才天池计划项目(2019)共同资助。

摘　　要：选取2018年7月31日和2016年8月8日两次东天山哈密地区强降水天气过程(分别简称“7·31”过程和“8·8”过程),利用NCEP/NCAR FNL 0.25°×0.25°和GDAS 1°×1°再分析资料、中国地面卫星雷达三源融合逐小时降水产品、新疆地区常规观测资料、FY-2G卫星产品、基于地基GPS观测的大气可降水量(PWV)资料及基于拉格朗日方法的HYSPLIT轨迹模式,通过对水汽输送流函数、势函数、水汽输送轨迹、暴雨区水汽收支计算诊断,揭示两次强降水期间的大尺度水汽输送、辐合特征,得到如下主要结果:两次强降水过程均发生在大陆高压位置异常情况下,为水汽长距离输送提供了有利的环流背景条件;两次过程水汽输送均由三个阶段构成,且河西走廊水汽输送均对两次暴雨天气过程具有贡献,“7·31”过程降水前和降水期间,河西走廊偏东水汽接力输送通道建立,造成河西走廊—暴雨区自东南向西北先后增湿,较低纬度南海和高压南侧水汽输送和补充为哈密东南部短时强降水天气提供充沛的水汽供应条件。“8·8”过程青藏高原北部—新疆巴州南部水汽接力输送通道建立,高原北部水汽沿高压外围偏南气流向北输送,与中纬度低槽前西南气流在暴雨区有所汇合,同时对流层低层河西走廊偏东水汽进一步补充,造成哈密北部测站PWV出现三次增湿过程。In this study,NCEP/NCAR FNL 0.25°×0.25°reanalysis data,GDAS 1°×1°reanalysis data,the fused hourly precipitation of satellite and radar,conventional weather data of Xinjiang,FY-2G satellite data,the GPS-observed PWV data and the HYSPLIT trajectory model are used to conduct an in-depth analysis of extreme precipitation events that occurred in the southeastern Hami Area of Xinjiang on 31 July 2018(hereinafter referred to as the 31 July process)and in the northern Hami Area on 8 August 2016(hereinafter referred to as the 8 August process).Based on calculations of water vapor transport stream function,potential function,water vapor transport trajectories,water vapor budge,the characteristics of large-scale water vapor transport and convergence during two severe rainfall events are analyzed.The results show that the two events both occurred in the situation of abnormal continental high,which provided a favorable circulation background for long-distance water vapor transport.The water vapor transports in both of the severe rainfall events consisted of three stages,and the Hexi Corridor water vapor transport contributed to the water vapor supply in both events.Before and during the 31 July process,affected by the easterly water vapor transport channel,there was an obviously humidification at stations of Hami Area and Gansu Province from southeast to northwest.The transport and supplement of water vapor from low latitude provided an abundant water vapor supply for the short-time severe rainfall in southeastern Hami Area.Comparatively,before and during the 8 August process,the water vapor transport channel from northern Tibetan Plateau to southern Bazhou Area in Xinjiang was established.The water vapor in Tibetan Plateau was carried toward north,joining in the water vapor taken by southwest airflow in front of the trough.At the same time,with the low-level water vapor from Hexi Corridor,three humidification processes were triggered in northern Hami Area.

关 键 词：哈密地区 短时强降水 水汽输送 

分 类 号：P441[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P458