中国农业氨排放和PM_(2.5)空间分布特征分析  

Analysis on the Spatial Distribution of Agricultural Ammonia Emissions and PM_(2.5) in China

作　　者：宋晓聪 杜帅 沈鹏[1] 赵慈[1] 陈忱[1] 谢明辉[1] SONG Xiaocong;DU Shuai;SHEN Peng;ZHAO Ci;CHEN Chen;XIE Minghui(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-industry,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Chinese Research Acadermy of Environmental Sciences Environmental technology&Engineering Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境技术工程有限公司,北京100012

出　　处：《生态经济》2023年第10期200-207,共8页Ecological Economy

基　　金：中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室开放基金项目“废旧锂离子电池循环利用碳排放核算研究”(2022KFF-06);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项“减污降碳绩效评估理论与方法”(2022YSKY-09)。

摘　　要：依据《大气氨源排放清单编制技术指南》,利用排放因子法测算了2010—2019年中国农业源的NH_(3)排放量,探究了NH_(3)和PM_(2.5)的时空分布特征,并利用SPASS软件对PM_(2.5)和NH_(3)的相关性进行分析。结果表明:2010—2019年NH_(3)排放量表现为先增后减的趋势,主要源于氮肥施用的增减;NH_(3)排放强度的空间分布具有差异性:东部地区NH_(3)单位面积排放强度较高,而西部地区NH_(3)单位GDP排放强度较高。PM_(2.5)时间分布上具有差异性,自2013年以来,PM_(2.5)年均浓度逐年下降,但下降趋势在减缓,同时季节上PM_(2.5)总体污染情况为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,这与不利的气象条件、较强的大气氧化性以及区域传输有着密切的联系;空间分布上呈现明显的聚集特征,PM_(2.5)年均浓度未达到国家空气质量二级标准的省份基本均聚集在胡焕庸线以东地区。通过Pearson相关性分析,发现PM_(2.5)年均浓度和NH_(3)单位GDP排放强度两者间具有很强的正相关性,即中国PM_(2.5)污染的治理需要协同NH_(3)减排。According to the"Technical Guidelines for the Compilation of Atmospheric Ammonia Source Emission Inventories",the emission factor method was used to calculate the NH,emissions from agricultural sources in China from 2010 to 2019.The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of NH,and PM_(2.5) were explored,and the correlation between PM_(2.5) and NH,was analyzed using SPASS software.The results show that NH;emissions from 2010 to 2019 show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The increase or decrease in total NH,emissions is mainly due to the increase or decrease in the application of nitrogen fertilizer.The spatial distribution of NH,emission intensity is different.The eastern region has a higher NH,emission intensity per unit area,while the western region has a higher NH,emission intensity per unit GDP.There are differences in time distribution.Since 2013,the annual average concentration of PM_(2.5) has decreased year by year,but the downward trend is slowing down.At the same time,the overall PM_(2.5) pollution situation in the season is as follows:winter>autumn>spring>summer,which is closely related to unfavorable meteorological conditions,strong atmospheric oxidation and regional transmission.The spatial distribution of PM_(2.5) shows obvious aggregation characteristics.The provinces whose annual average PM2.s concentration does not meet the national air quality secondary standard are basically concentrated in the area east of the Hu Line.Through Pearson correlation analysis,it is found that there is a strong positive correlation between the annual average concentration of PM_(2.5) and the emission intensity of NH,per unit GDP.The governance of China's PM_(2.5) pollution requires coordinated NH;emission reduction.

关 键 词：农业 氨排放 PM_(2.5) 空间分布 排放强度 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X51