MRI定量技术在骨质疏松症中的应用现状及进展  

Research status and progress in the application of MRI quantitative techniques in osteoporosis

作　　者：周凤 吕富荣[1] ZHOU Feng;LÜFurong(Department of Radiology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第一医院放射科,重庆400016

出　　处：《磁共振成像》2023年第9期192-197,共6页Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

摘　　要：骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)是一种以低骨量和微细结构恶化为特征的全身代谢性骨病,使个体骨折易感性增高。骨密度一直是临床诊断骨质疏松和预测骨折风险的金标准。然而,因为MRI技术组织分辨率高、无创、无辐射,并且可提供骨密度以外的骨质量信息,在骨质疏松病因、诊疗和骨折风险研究中越来越重要。与单独使用骨密度相比,磁共振波谱及水脂分离技术可准确量化骨髓脂肪成分,扩散加权成像通过评估骨髓组织扩散特性反映骨髓病理生理变化,高分辨MRI可通过股骨近端骨小梁微结构分析更好预测骨质疏松性骨折,而超短回波时间MRI通过检测皮质骨结合水和孔隙水含量反映骨强度。本文通过对MRI定量技术在OP诊断中的应用研究进行综述,总结其原理与应用价值,并分析其优势与不足,以期为今后的MRI定量评估骨质量及联合骨密度综合评估OP进展相关应用与研究提供参考。Osteoporosis,as a systemic skeletal metabolic disease,is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of microstructure,which makes an individual more likely to fracture.Bone mineral density(BMD)has been the gold standard for clinically diagnosing osteoporosis and predicting the risk of fracture.However,MRI techniques are becoming increasingly important in the study of etiology,diagnosis and fracture risk of osteoporosis because of the higher tissue resolution,non-invasive and non-radiation,and the availability of information on bone quality except BMD.Compared with BMD alone,magnetic resonance spectroscopy and water-lipid separation techniques can accurately quantify the bone marrow adipose,diffusion-weighted imaging reflects the pathophysiological changes of bone marrow by assessing the diffusion properties of bone marrow tissue,high-resolution MRI can better predict osteoporotic fractures by microstructural analysis of proximal femoral trabeculae,and ultrashort echo time MRI reflects bone strength by detecting the binding water and pore water content of cortical bone.The paper reviews the application of MRI quantitative techniques in the diagnosis of osteoporosis,summarises their principles and application value,and analyses their advantages and disadvantages,with a view to providing a reference for future applications and studies related to the quantitative assessment of bone quality by MRI and the comprehensive assessment of osteoporosis progression by combined bone mineral density.

关 键 词：骨质疏松症 磁共振成像 定量技术 波谱成像 水脂分离技术 扩散加权成像 高分辨率磁共振成像 

分 类 号：R445.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R580[医药卫生—诊断学]