2004—2022年湖南省学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of school public health emergencies in Hunan Province,2004-2022

作　　者：岳文芳[1] 段红英[1] 刘富强[1] 张斯钰[1] 蔡富文 夏梦芝 颜洁[1] YUE Wenfang;DUAN Hongying;LIU Fuqiang;ZHANG Siyu;CAI Fuwen;XIA Mengzhi;YAN Jie(Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2023年第9期1060-1064,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ80070)。

摘　　要：目的探讨湖南省2004—2022年学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征,为预防、控制及有效处置学校突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法收集湖南省2004年1月1日—2022年12月31日通过“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”中报告的学校突发公共卫生事件资料,应用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果湖南省2004—2022年共报告学校突发公共卫生事件1820起,报告病例83838例,平均罹患率为2.79%,死亡13例,病死率0.02%。全省14个市州均有事件报告。事件起数以2019年最多(264起,占14.51%),时间分布以3—6月和9—12月为两个发病高峰。事件级别以一般级(1263起,占69.40%)和未分级事件(542起,占29.78%)为主。事件类型主要为传染病暴发事件(1703起,占93.57%),其次为突发中毒事件(100起,占5.49%)。事件发生学校类型以小学(1057起,占58.08%)和初中(221起,占12.14%)为主。农村地区学校罹患率显著高于县镇、城市学校。结论2004—2022年湖南省学校突发公共卫生事件以传染病暴发事件为主,应重点防控农村小学和初中的传染病暴发疫情。Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of school public health emergencies in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2022,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention,control and effective disposal of public health emergencies in schools.Methods We collected the data about school public health emergencies reported through the Public Health Emergency Management Information System from January 1,2004 to December 31,2022.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for the analysis.Results A total of 1,820 school public health emergencies were reported in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2022,with 83,838 reported cases.The average incidence rate was 2.79%.There were 13 deaths reported,with a case fatality rate of 0.02%.All the 14 cities and prefectures in the province had reported incidents.The number of incidents in 2019 was the highest(n=264,14.51%),and the time distribution showed two peaks in March-June and September-December.The levels of the incidents were mainly general level(n=1,263,69.40%)and unrated incidents(n=542,29.78%).The main types of the incidents were infectious disease outbreaks(n=1,703,93.57%),followed by sudden poisoning incidents(n=100,5.49%).The main types of schools with the incidents were primary schools(n=1,057,58.08%)and junior middle schools(n=221,12.14%).The attack rate was significantly higher in schools of rural areas than in ones of counties,towns and cities.Conclusion School public health emergencies in Hunan Province during 2004-2022 were mainly outbreaks of infectious diseases.We should focus on prevention and control of infectious diseases outbreaks in rural primary schools and junior middle schools.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 学校 流行病学 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]