政府转移支付、技能培训与共同富裕  

Government Transfers,Skills Training and Shared Prosperity

作　　者：吴穹 WU Qiong

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学网络信息中心、管理工程学院

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2023年第5期109-123,172,共16页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：2020年南京信息工程大学高水平大学建设人才启动项目“大数据资源共享与治理机制研究”(2020r049);2021年江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“预期不确定对中等收入家庭消费结构升级影响研究”(2021SJ0185);2022年陕西省社会科学基金“延安精神与高质量发展研究”专项“以延安精神推进黄河流域生态协同治理研究”(2022YA19);2023年南京信息工程大学风险治理与应急决策研究院开放课题“长江中下游地区旱涝急转的社会脆弱性评价研究”(Sk2023fx00-01)。

摘　　要：共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,从多个维度出发促进共同富裕是当前我国经济社会发展的重要目标。但是,学术界长期关注政府转移支付的减贫效应,而忽视技能培训的创富效应。建立共同富裕的测度指标体系,基于2014、2016年两期中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS),实证检验政府转移支付、技能培训对家庭共同富裕的影响及作用渠道。政府转移支付对共同富裕的实现具有“兜底”作用;相比于政府转移支付,技能培训对共同富裕的促进成效更高;技能培训可以通过人力资本和社会资本两个渠道促进共同富裕;政府转移支付会滋生“福利依赖”,不利于推进共同富裕,社会捐助反而能防止“福利依赖”的发生,进而促进共同富裕。应该优化政府转移支付的受益结构,丰富技能培训形式,鼓励社会捐助,从而促进共同富裕。Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism.Promoting common prosperity from multiple dimensions is an important goal of China’s economic and social development.However,the academic community has long been concerned about the poverty reduction effect of government transfer payments,while neglecting the wealth creation effect of skill training.A measurement index system of common prosperity has been established.Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2014 and 2016,the impact of government transfer payments and skills training on household common prosperity and its channels of action have been empirically tested.The research finds that government transfer payment has a“bottom covering”effect on the realization of common prosperity.Compared with government transfer payments,skill training has a higher effect on promoting common prosperity.Skills training can promote common prosperity through human capital and social capital.Government transfer payments are prone to“welfare dependence”,which is not conducive to promoting common prosperity.On the contrary,social donations can prevent“welfare dependence”and further promote common prosperity.Therefore,we should optimize the benefit structure of government transfer payments,enrich skills training forms,encourage social contributions,and effectively promote common prosperity.

关 键 词：共同富裕 政府转移支付 技能培训 社会捐助 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学] F126[经济管理—劳动经济] C975