网络裸聊定罪之理论评述及教义学阐释  

Theoretical review and dogmatic interpretation analysis of criminalizationof naked online chat

作　　者：赵天水[1] ZHAO Tianshui(Law School,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学法学院,天津300222

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期36-46,共11页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：天津市教委科研计划项目:人工智能时代侵财犯罪刑法适用的困境与出路(2021SK111)。

摘　　要：方惠茹案发生后,围绕网络裸聊定罪的理论认识、实务态度依然还有较大分歧,类案不类判现象严重,亟需厘清学说间的关系。“载体说”未能准确认识内容与载体的关系,该说将淫秽物品解释为“淫秽内容具有重复传观的可能性”,这在与立法逻辑相悖之余还混淆了“传播”与“淫秽物品”的内涵。数量鉴定并非网络裸聊构罪的必要条件,鉴定主体与程序的不明确以及实践做法不一使得“唯数量鉴定说”的科学性存疑。“静态说”以静止性来界定淫秽物品,无疑犯了机械主义的认识错误。“物人二分说”的主观性过大而操作性过小,且与罪刑法定原则相悖。上述四种学说(统称“否定说”)的本质均是以有形空间对诲淫性内容进行物理限定,都在否定网络裸聊构成传播淫秽物品(牟利)罪方面存在不同层面的问题,缺乏合理性。对网络裸聊以传播淫秽物品(牟利)罪定罪具有合理性,这源于网络裸聊处于淫秽物品的可能含义范围,亦与网络裸聊应罚性与实罚性间的冲突有关。淫秽物品的内涵正是在核心含义源自的官方知识与可能含义依赖的经验知识不断对立中得以变化,仅将淫秽物品理解为纸介文本进而将网络裸聊排除在含义之外,无疑是关闭了淫秽物品语义的开放性,使得文本的含义不是处于解释的过程中,而是人为宣告了解释的终点。对于聚众性网络裸聊者和网络裸聊组织者的定罪问题,应准确分辨传播淫秽物品(牟利)罪与聚众淫乱罪、组织淫秽表演罪的界限。聚众性网络裸聊发生在网络空间,行为人之间不存在身体接触,不符合淫乱内涵。网络裸聊中从事何种淫秽活动的主动权在观看者一方,而淫秽表演中展示何种淫秽活动的主动权在组织者一方。After the Fang Huiru case,there are still significant differences in theoretical understanding and practical attitudes towards the conviction of online naked chat.The phenomenon of similar cases being judged differently is serious,and it is urgent to clarify the relationship between theories.The“carrier theory”fails to accurately understand the relationship between content and carrier.The theory interprets pornography as“the possibility of repeated transmission of pornographic content”,which is contrary to the legislative logic and also confuses the connotations of“dissemination”and“pornography”.Quantitative identification is not a necessary condition for the criminalization of online naked chat.The lack of clarity in the identification subject and procedure,as well as varying practices,cast doubt on the scientific validity of the“quantitative identification only”theory.The“static theory”defines pornographic materials based on their static nature,which undoubtedly makes a mechanical error in understanding.The“object-person dichotomy”theory is too subjective and too difficult to operate,and it is contrary to the principle of legality.The essence of the four theories(collectively referred to as the“negative theory”)is to physically limit obscene content in a physical space.They all have different levels of problems in denying that online naked chat constitutes the crime of spreading pornographic materials(for profit),and lack rationality.Conviction of online naked chat for the crime of spreading pornographic materials(for profit)is reasonable,as it stems from the possible meaning of online naked chat as pornography,and also relates to the conflict between the culpability and actual punishment of online naked chat.The connotation of pornographic materials is constantly in opposition between the official knowledge derived from the core meaning and the empirical knowledge on which possible meanings depend.Simply understanding pornographic materials as paper-based texts and excluding onl

关 键 词：网络裸聊 淫秽物品 扩大解释 淫秽表演 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]