不同进化历程下的异源四倍体小麦核型进化及其稳定性分析  

Karyotype stability and evolutionary analysis of allotetraploid wheat under different evolutionary processes

作　　者：卞瑶[1,2] 耿丽妍 冯彦博 陈福燕 张雯 王宏伟[1,2] BIAN Yao;GENG Liyan;FENG Yanbo;CHEN Fuyan;ZHANG Wen;WANG Hongwei(School of Life Science,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Liaoning Province,Dalian 116081,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁大连116081 [2]辽宁省植物生物技术重点实验室,辽宁大连116081

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期363-369,共7页Journal of Liaoning Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31900202);辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(2021-BS-199)。

摘　　要：以人工新合成、野生天然及栽培异源四倍体小麦为实验材料模拟四倍体小麦形成初期、自然进化及人工驯化等阶段,利用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)对各群体进行核型的鉴定和比较分析.结果表明:新合成群体存在亚基因组间序列重组,重组位置主要集中在染色体长臂端部;野生天然群体积累了大量的序列重组,除3号同源群外,其他同源群均出现了近着丝粒区的片段渗入;栽培群体仍有新的重组现象出现,但与自然进化过程相比明显减少.各群体内的核型检测结果表明,人工新合成群体存在少量的染色体结构变化,野生天然和栽培群体则趋于稳定.本研究结果为明确多倍体作物在进化过程中的核型变化规律,了解其核型稳定程度提供重要的理论依据.We analyzed synthetic,wild and cultivated allotetraploid wheat by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).The results showed sequence reorganization was present in synthetic groups,and the recombination positions were concentrated at the ends of long arm of chromosome.Wild groups accumulated amounts of sequence recombination.All homologous groups showed fragment introgression close to the centromeric regions,except for group 3.Cultivated groups still had new recombination,but significantly reduced compared with wild groups.The results of karyotyping in each group showed a few chromosome structure variations appeared in synthetic groups,while the wild and cultivated groups tended to become stable.The results provide important theoretical basis to clarify the karyotype change and the stability of polyploid crops.

关 键 词：多倍体 核型稳定性 荧光原位杂交 进化 小麦 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]