海南屯昌三类云降水雨滴谱分布特征  

Raindrop size distribution of three types of cloud precipitation in Tunchang of Hainan Province

作　　者：毛志远 黄彦彬 敖杰 李光伟 Mao Zhiyuan;Huang Yanbin;Ao Jie;Li Guangwei(Weather Modification Center of Hainan Province,Haikou 570203,China;Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province,Haikou 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省人工影响天气中心,海南海口570203 [2]海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口570203

出　　处：《海南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期268-276,共9页Natural Science Journal of Hainan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41865009);海南省自然科学基金(122QN424,420RC754,421QN372);海南省气象局项目(hnqxSJ202121)。

摘　　要：利用海南屯昌的雨滴谱观测资料,分别对对流云、层状云和积层混合云典型降水过程进行分析,结果表明:三类云降水都以直径小于1 mm的雨滴为主,以直径1~3 mm的雨滴对降水贡献最大.对流云中直径大于3 mm的大雨滴浓度仅有0.77%,但对雨强的贡献达27.12%.对流云变起伏较大,谱宽较宽,谱型结构为单峰,雨强增大时直径小于1 mm的雨滴浓度迅速增加,并伴随直径4 mm以上的大雨滴频繁出现;层状云降水微物理参量与雨滴谱演变平缓,谱宽较窄,单峰为主,双峰较少;积层混合云同时具备对流云与层状云降水的演变特征.三类云降水雨滴谱符合Gamma分布特征,统计得到的Z-I关系优于通用公式,为该地区雷达定量估测降水和灾害预警提供一定参考.In the report,the observation data of the raindrop size distribution in Tunchang of Hainan Province were used to analyze the typical precipitation processes of convective clouds,stratiform clouds and stratified mixed clouds respectively.The results showed that the three types of cloud precipitation are dominated by rain-drops with a diameter of less than 1 mm,and the raindrops with a diameter of 1-3 mm contribute to the most of the precipitation,the concentration of large raindrops with a diameter greater than 3 mm in convective clouds is only 0.77%,and whose contribution to the rain intensity is 27.12%.The evolution of microphysical parameters and raindrop size distribution of convective clouds fluctuates greatly,the spectrum width is wider,the spectrum structure is single peak,the concentration of raindrops with a diameter of less than 1 mm increases rapidly when the rain intensity increases,and occurs frequently with large raindrops with a diameter above 4 mm;the evolu-tion of microphysical parameters and raindrop size distribution of stratiform clouds fluctuates gently,the spec-trum width is narrow,the single peak is dominant;the evolution of microphysical parameters and raindrop size distribution of stratified mixed clouds have the precipitation characteristics of both convective clouds and strati-form clouds.The raindrop size distribution of three types of cloud precipitation conform to the Gamma distribu-tion characteristics,and the Z-I relationship obtained by statistics is better than the general formula,which pro-vides a reference for the quantitative estimation of precipitation and disaster warning by radar in the area.

关 键 词：降水云 雨滴谱 GAMMA分布 Z-I关系 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]