受动理论下的汉日语动宾结构语义关系研究  

A Study on the Semantic Relations of the Chinese and Japanese Verb-Object Structure Based on the Theory of Receptivity

作　　者：许慈惠[1] 许瑶瑶 Xu Cihui;Xu Yaoyao(Shanghai International Studies University,China Japanese Linguistics,Contrastive Studies of Japanese and Chinese)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学日本文化经济学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2023年第4期34-44,共11页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：本文基于受动理论,重新定义汉日语中的宾语概念,主张在汉日语中,动作作用前就有既存物或既存事的话,它因直接受动而为真受动、真宾语;动作作用前无既存物或既存事,或只有原材料,动作作用产生结果物或结果事的话,它因间接受动而为准受动、准宾语,以此对现行通说的宾语去伪存真,区分出真宾语、准宾语及相应的真动宾结构、准动宾结构,以及由真动宾、准动宾构成的汉语耦合动宾或日语简略动宾结构。本文还分析梳理出动宾结构的语义关系类别及认知模式,构建出合理自洽的汉日语动宾结构语义关系体系。日语宾格标记「を」充分保持着语义规约的准确性,而汉语虽没有宾格标记却并不妨碍动宾结构丰富的语义关系的成立和存在。研究还发现,汉日语真、准动宾结构语义关系及认知逻辑具有极高的相似性。In this paper,the Chinese and Japanese object is redefined based on the theory of receptivity.The object that exists before the action is defined as the true object which is directly acted on by the verb(also known as the direct receptive action);whereas the object that comes as the result of the action instead of existing before the action is defined as the quasi-object which is indirectly acted on by the verb(also known as the indirect receptive action).In this way,we are able to distinguish not only the true object and the quasi-object,but also Chinese coupled verb-object structure or Japanese brief verb-object structure composed of true verb-object and quasi-verb-object structure,and build a reasonable and self-consistent verb-object structure semantic relationship system by analyzing and sorting out their semantic relationships and cognitive models.Japanese case marker"wo"fully maintains the accuracy of semantic convention while Chinese does not have the case marker,but it does not hinder the rich semantic relationship of verb-object structure.It is also found that the semantic relations and cognitive logic of verb-object structures in Chinese and Japanese are highly similar.

关 键 词：受动 真动宾结构 准动宾结构 汉语真准耦合 日语简略动宾结构 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语] H36