基于监测数据的郑州市草莓膳食摄入风险评估  

Risk assessment of strawberry dietary intake in Zhengzhou based on risk monitoring

作　　者：罗俊霞[1] 赵建波 于玉红 申战宾 张刚 段鹿梅 张启成[2] 陈小军[5] LUO Junxia;ZHAO Jianbo;YU Yuhong;SHEN Zhanbin;ZHANG Gang;DUAN Lumei;ZHANG Qicheng;CHEN Xiaojun(Zhengzhou Agricultural Product Quality Testing and Distribution Center,Zhengzhou 450006,China;Zhengzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Kaifeng Vegetable Science Research Institute,Kaifeng 475000,China;Henan Hengsheng Testing Technology Company Limited,Zhengzhou 451100,China;College of Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市农产品质量检测流通中心,郑州450006 [2]郑州市农业技术推广中心,郑州450006 [3]开封市蔬菜科学研究所,河南开封475000 [4]河南恒晟检测技术有限公司,郑州451100 [5]扬州大学植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2023年第4期98-106,共9页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2020349);郑州市检测检验体系建设项目(郑农检[2012]12号);郑州市农产品质量安全追溯体系建设项目(郑发改农经[2013]126号)。

摘　　要：基于2011-2020年郑州市基地草莓中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯及新烟碱类药物的监测数据,确定上市草莓被农药污染特征,并对其膳食摄入进行风险评估;采用点评估模型分别计算检出农药对各年龄段人群的安全系数(IFS)、平均安全系数(IFS)、安全系数之和(ΣIFS)以及各种检出农药的风险系数R等多种参数。结果表明:检出的农药中多数为草莓上未登记且无限量标准的农药,以微、低、中等毒性农药居多,高毒农药较少。检出频次最高的农药为百菌清,2011-2016和2017-2020年间检出率分别为31.3%和20.0%;其次为腐霉利,2017-2020年间检出率为30.0%;氯氰菊酯含量存在超标现象,超标率为1.4%。2017-2020年,含多种农药残留的样品占40%,残留农药种数2~5种。整体而言,2011-2020年郑州市草莓质量安全状况可以接受,但因未考虑个体间差异而存在一定的不确定性;就检出农药风险系数而言,氯氰菊酯给郑州市草莓安全品质带来的风险较高,其风险系数为2.5。According to the monitoring data of organophosphorus,organochlorine,pyrethrin and neonicotinoid drugs in strawberries in Zhengzhou base on 2011-2020 and the test results,the pollution characteristics of strawberry products caused by pesticides were analyzed,and the safety factor IFS,average safety factor(IFS)and safety factor(ΣIFS)of detected pesticides for different age groups were calculated by point evaluation model and the risk coefficient of various pesticides were analyzed and discussed.The most pesticides were unregistered and had no limit standards in strawberries which were detected,but the majority were micro,low,and medium toxicity pesticides,with fewer high toxicity pesticides.The pesticide with the highest detection frequency was chlorothalonil,with the detection rates of 31.3% and 20% in 2011-2016 and 2017-2020 respectively;The second was humic acid,with a detection rate of 30% between 2017 and 2020;The content of cypermethrin exceeded the standard,and the rate of exceeding the standard was 1.4%.40% of samples contained multiple residues,and the number of types of residual pesticides was 2-5 in 2017-2020.Overall,the quality and safety status of strawberries in Zhengzhou in 2011-2020,but the dietary risk assessment of strawberries based on the point assessment model did not consider individual differences and there was a certain degree of uncertainty.From the risk coefficient of pesticides detected,Cypermethrin brought a greater risk to the safety quality of strawberries in Zhengzhou,with a risk coefficient of 2.5.It is suggested to improve the limit standards of pesticides in strawberries,formulate medication specifications for pest control of strawberries,strengthen production guidance in their production,and be cautious about using pesticides unregistered on strawberries,especially the pesticide cypermethrin,to reduce the dietary exposure risk of strawberries.

关 键 词：草莓 农药 污染特征 安全系数 风险系数 风险评估 

分 类 号：O656.9[理学—分析化学]