厌氧氨氧化技术研究与应用反差现象归因  

Attribution of the contrast phenomena of ANAMMOX techniques on research and application

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 杨万邦 李季[1] 朱洋墨 HAO Xiaodi;YANG Wanbang;LI Ji;ZHU Yangmo(Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies,Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment(Ministry of Education),Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室,中-荷污水处理技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第9期1-13,共13页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.52170018)。

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)因无需氧气和有机物而被视为可持续污水处理技术,以致学界对其研究趋之若鹜并愈演愈烈.然而,20多年过去了,过热的研究与少有的工程应用形成了巨大反差,这一现象耐人寻味.因此,有必要对产生这种反差现象的原因进行理性分析,以期获得对ANAMMOX技术工程应用场景以及运行瓶颈的清晰信息.分析表明,ANAMMOX工程化步履蹒跚的主要原因为应用场景误区与运行控制难度.ANAMMOX技术定位于高氨氮(NH_(4)^(+))、低有机物(COD)浓度厌氧消化液或类似工业废水,即属于应用场景较小的小众技术.再者,实现ANAMMOX的关键是前端与之匹配的亚硝酸氮(NO_(2)^(-))积累,而这恰恰成为其运行成败的关键.尽管存在着多种让NO_(2)^(-)积累的方法,但实现其稳定运行最后均归结为精准的控制技术,因为ANAMMOX本身以及NO_(2)^(-)积累所需要的环境窗口均十分狭窄.另一方面,ANAMMOX过程本身并不产生强温室气体-氧化亚氮(N_(2)O,温室效应为CO_(2)的265倍),但无论是短程硝化(PN)还是短程反硝化(PD)均涉及N_(2)O释放且量并不低,这就让原本可持续的ANAMMOX工艺蒙上了应用阴影.因此,对ANAMMOX的研究应适当降温,即使是针对性的应用场景也应重新评估其碳排放问题.Anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX)was labeled as a sustainable wastewater treatment technology as it does not require oxygen and organic matter,so academia has been scrambling for it and growing in intensity.Although more than 20 years have elapsed,there is a contrast between overheated research and limited engineering application,which is thought-provoking.Thus,it is necessary to rationally analyze the reason for creating the phenomena,which is expected to obtain some clear information on engineering application scenarios and operational bottlenecks for ANAMMOX.The analysis reveals that the major reasons for the staggered engineering nation on ANAMMOX are the misunderstanding of its application scenario and the difficulty in operation control.ANAMMOX was targeted at anaerobic supernatant or similar industrial wastewater with high ammonia(NH_(4)^(+))and low organic matter(COD)concentration,that is,it belongs to a minor technology.Furthermore,the key to realizing ANAMMOX is the matching accumulation of nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-))at the front end,which is the core of its successful operation.Although there are some approaches to making NO_(2)^(-) accumulate,achieving its stable operation is ultimately attributed to precise control technology,as ANAMMOX itself and also NO_(2)^(-) accumulation have a very narrow environmental window.On the other hand,the ANAMMOX process itself does not produce the powerful greenhouse gas-nitrous oxide(N_(2)O,265 times higher than CO_(2) in the greenhouse effect),but both partial nitrification(PN)and partial denitrification(PD)involve the release of N_(2)O in a nonnegligible amount.This defect would overshadow the application of so-called sustainable ANAMMOX processes.For this reason,the research on ANAMMOX should be cooled down appropriately,and its carbon emission should be reassessed even for targeted application scenarios.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX) 短程硝化(PN) 短程反硝化(PD) 控制技术 氧化亚氮(N_(2)O) AOB同步亚硝化及其反硝化 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]