《牧誓》为牧野之战临战振旅仪式誓辞说  

The Mu Shi:The Oath for Inspiring the Army before the Battle of Muye

作　　者：王浩[1] WANG Hao(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730070,PRC)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学文学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期11-18,共8页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“早期书写与商周秦汉文学关系史”(22&ZD260);国家社会科学基金西部项目“西周文章生成及观念研究”(21XZW025)。

摘　　要：将《牧誓》与青铜器利簋铭文及《逸周书·世俘》《克殷》等文献进行比证,可以证明《牧誓》也是可信的西周文献。关于誓辞中“步伐止齐”的解释历来意见分歧,其实是周武王为了整齐军阵而申明的战场纪律。这种作战要求完全是由列阵而后战以及采用大排面密集方阵进攻队形的作战方式所决定的,目的是保证战斗过程中能够及时整齐军阵的行列、保持队形,不给敌人以可乘之机。《牧誓》是周武王在牧野之战临战振旅仪式上发表的誓师辞。振旅仪式既可在战后凯旋举行,也可在战前举行。武王“左杖黄钺,右秉白旄以麾”即是振旅仪节的具体表现。By comparing Mu Shi with the inscriptions on bronze“Li Gui”and other documents such as Yi Zhou Shu·Shi Fu and Ke Yin,we can confirm Mu Shi is also a reliable document of the Western Zhou Dynasty.There have been different opinions on the interpretation of“Keeping stride together”in the Oath,but this is battlefield discipline declared by King Wu of Zhou in order to regulate the military formation.This kind of operational requirement is completely based on the fight after forming the formation of battle and the mode of operation of attack by using large and dense phalanx.It is designed to ensure that the rank and formation of the army can be regulated and maintained in time during the battle for fear that the enemy finds an exploitable loophole.The Mu Shi is also an oath at the ceremony of encouraging the army for the battle of Muye.The ceremony can be held either after the battle or before the battle.King Wu of Zhou“holding golden axe in his left hand and white flag in his right hand for command”is the concrete expression of the ceremonial protocol of encouraging the army.

关 键 词：《牧誓》 “步伐止齐” 军阵 车战 振旅 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]