基于地表不透水特征的局地暴雨内涝灾害风险等级制图及分布特征分析——以天津主城区为例  

Mapping and Analysis of Distribution of Local Rainstorm Disaster Risk Level Based on Surface Imperviousness:A Case Study in Tianjin

作　　者：乌达木 栾庆祖[2] 窦银银 郝润梅[1] 孟凡浩 WU Damu;LUAN Qingzu;DOU Yinyin;HAO Runmei;MENG Fanhao(College of Geography Science,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010028,China;Beijing Climate Center,Beijing Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,呼和浩特010028 [2]北京市气候中心,北京100089 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《遥感信息》2023年第4期153-160,共8页Remote Sensing Information

基　　金：中国气象局风云卫星工程项目(FY-3(03)-AS-12.09);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)基金项目(XDA23100201)。

摘　　要：城市局地暴雨内涝风险等级识别和制图对于防范洪涝灾害风险及提升韧性城市人居环境具有重要的科学意义。文章以天津市主城区为例,利用融合高精度的地表不透水特征数据的土壤保持服务-径流曲线数模型(soil conservation service-curve number,SCS-CN),分析了城市地表径流状况、地势状态和汇流的分布特征,从而识别不同下垫面特征的暴雨洪灾风险的特征。结果表明:天津市主城区暴雨内涝灾害风险区呈现中心城区聚集、环城四区分散的环状分布格局,暴雨内涝灾害区多分布在高密度不透水和建筑的老旧城区以及商业圈,城市高产流区主要分布在和平区、南开区以及河东区;城区内部的公园绿地通过植物冠层的截留和土壤下渗可以减低内涝灾害发生的风险。当发生大规模降雨时处在地势低洼的立交桥也是内涝灾害发生的热点区,地表产流高风险区是天津主城区暴雨内涝灾害风险区的主导类型。在城市发展规划中需加强中心城区绿化基础设施建设,提升韧性城市和人居环境。Mapping and identifying local urban rainstorm and waterlogging risk levels play a significant role in preventing flood risks and improving resilient cities and human settlements.Using Tianjin as an example,the soil conservation service-curve number(SCS-CN)model is used to analyze the distribution characteristics of urban surface runoff,terrain,and catchments by integrating the high-precision surface impervious area data,and then identify the characteristics of the rainstorm and flood risk with different underlying surface characteristics.The results show that the rainstorm and flood disaster risk area in the main urban area of Tianjin present a circular distribution pattern of agglomeration in the central urban area and dispersion in the four areas around the city.The rainstorm and flood disaster areas are mostly distributed in the old urban areas and commercial areas with high density and impervious buildings,and the urban high flow-producing areas are mainly distributed in Heping district,Nankai district and Hedong district,and the green space in parks in the urban area could reduce the risk of flood disaster by the interception of plant canopy and soil infiltration.When large-scale rainfall occurs,the overpass in low-lying areas is also the hot spot of flood disaster,and the high-risk area of surface runoff is the dominant type of rainstorm and flood disaster risk area in the main urban area of Tianjin.In the urban planning,we should strengthen the construction of greening infrastructure in the central urban area,and improve the resilience in cities and human settlements.

关 键 词：城市不透水面 暴雨灾害 风险等级制图 城市内涝 天津 

分 类 号：P333.2[天文地球—水文科学]