法定犯违法性判断“从属性说”之坚守  

The Adherence to the"Subordinate Theory"of the Judgment of Illegality of Statutory Offenders

作　　者：张亚平 Zhang Yaping

机构地区：[1]宁波大学法学院 [2]宁波大学营商环境与企业合规研究中心

出　　处：《法商研究》2023年第5期103-117,共15页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(22FFXB048)。

摘　　要：持传统观点者认为,法定犯的构成要件和违法性从属于前置行政法,但近年来,法定犯的违法性判断独立于前置行政法的观点日益盛行。“独立性说”既存在诸多理论上的问题,在实践中也难以推行。法定犯的刑法违法性判断从属于前置行政法的立场应当得到坚守,因为刑法违法与行政法违法的本质相同,刑事处罚与行政处罚的目的和任务相同,刑法保护的法益与前置行政法保护的利益相同。坚守法定犯违法性判断“从属性说”,并不否定刑法与民法违法性关系的相对性,因为刑法与民法的违法性关系不同于刑法与行政法的违法性关系,两者在不同的轨道上并行不悖。在坚守法定犯违法性判断“从属性说”的基础上,应根据“但书”、违法性认识错误不可避免性等对法定犯积极出罪。The traditional view holds that the constitutive elements and illegality of statutory crime are subordinate to the prepositive administrative law,but in recent years,the view that the illegality judgment of statutory crime is independent from the prepositive administrative law is increasingly popular.The independence theory not only has many theoretical problems,but also it is difficult to carry out in practice.The position that the judgment of the illegality of the statutory crime subordinate to the prepositive administrative law should be adhered to,because the illegality of the criminal law is the same as that of the administrative law,the purpose and task of the administrative penalty of the criminal law are the same,the purpose and task of criminal punishment and administrative punishment are the same,and the legal benefit of the criminal law is the same as that of the prepositive administrative law.Sticking to the"subordination theory"of judging the llegality of statutory crime does not deny the relativity of the illegality relationship between criminal law and civil law,because the illegality relationship between criminal law and administrative law is different from that between criminal law and civil law,and they coexist in different tracks.On the basis of subordination theory,we should actively decriminalize the statutory crime according to the proviso and the inevitability of the illegality.

关 键 词：法定犯 违法性 从属性说 独立性说 前置行政法 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]