2020—2022年北京市昌平区狂犬疫苗接种门诊动物致伤及免疫人群流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of population injured by animal and immunized in rabies vaccination clinics in Changping district of Beijing from 2020 to 2022

作　　者：张继涛[1] 王涛[1] 王一鑫 朱宗龙[1] ZHANG Ji-tao;WANG Tao;WANG Yi-xin;ZHU Zong-long(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Changping District,Changping,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市昌平区疾病预防控制中心,北京昌平102200

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2023年第4期63-65,共3页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的通过分析北京市昌平区狂犬疫苗接种门诊(简称狂犬门诊)狂犬疫苗免疫人群的动物致伤及人群免疫情况,为制定下一步狂犬病防控政策提供依据。方法收集2020—2022年昌平区狂犬门诊动物致伤及狂犬疫苗接种数据,并开展流行病学分析。结果2020—2022年昌平区免疫人数共82329人,男女性别比1∶1.17;接种时间在5—10月较为集中;免疫人群年龄集中在20~49岁、占60.77%;免疫人群中共有81866人致伤,致伤部位以手部最多、占58.12%,其次为下肢、占22.61%;致伤动物以猫为主、占53.88%,其次为犬致伤、占40.06%;Ⅲ级暴露者占37.12%,其中使用被动制剂比例较低仅为31.67%。结论致伤人数逐年上升;Ⅲ级暴露后使用被动免疫制剂比例较低;根据致伤数高的季节可进行疫苗储备;建议加强公众狂犬病防制知识宣传及狂犬门诊工作人员培训。Objective To understand the situation of the injured population at the rabies vaccination clinics in Changping district,Beijing,and provide basis for further control and prevention of human rabies.Methods The data of animal injuries and rabies vaccination were collected in the rabies clinics in Changping district from 2020 to 2022,and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2020 to 2022,there were 82329 people received rabies vaccine in Changping district,and the ratio of the male to the female was 1∶1.17.The injuring time was concentrated from May to October,and the age of immunized people concentrated in the age group of 20-49 years,accounting for 60.77%.There were 81866 cases injured in the immunized population.Most injured part was hand,accounting for 58.12%,followed by the lower limbs,accounting for 22.61%.Cats were the main injured animal,accounting for 53.88%,followed by dogs,accounting for 40.06%.The gradeⅢexposed cases accounted for 37.12%,with low proportion of passive immunization of 31.67%.Conclusions The number of injuries increases year by year,and the proportion of the usage of passive immunization product in the cases with GradeⅢexposure is low.The vaccine could be stored according to the season with high number of injuries.It is necessary to strengthen the promotion of rabies prevention and control knowledge to the public and training for rabies vaccination clinics staff.

关 键 词：狂犬病 动物致伤 狂犬疫苗 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]