基于问题—解决方案(P-S)的技术机会发现研究  

Research on Technology Opportunity Discovery Based on Problem-Solution (P-S)

作　　者：伊惠芳 刘细文[2,3] 陆婕 王宝燕 刘勋[1] 董坤[4] Yi Huifang;Liu Xiwen;Lu Jie;Wang Baoyan;Liu Xun;Dong Kun(Qingdao University Library,Qingdao 266071;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;Department of Information Resources Management,School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;Institute of Information Management,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学图书馆,青岛266071 [2]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院信息资源管理系,北京100190 [4]山东理工大学信息管理研究院,淄博255049

出　　处：《图书情报工作》2023年第17期102-117,共16页Library and Information Service

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“知识流动视角下科技成果转化潜在路径预测与选择研究”(项目编号:20CTQ032)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]以问题为导向,以解决方案为途径开展技术机会发现研究对于科技工作者更好把握创新突破方向、攻克关键核心技术、推进技术创新具有积极意义。[方法/过程]以P-S为指导思想,遵循发现问题—找寻解决方案—发现技术机会的研究过程,构建面向技术问题与解决方案的技术机会发现框架,首先利用机器学习标注模型和主题模型分析专利说明书、综述论文和技术需求文档等样本以识别关键技术问题,其次利用SAO和关联匹配识别技术解决方案专利,并利用离群探测方法识别潜在的技术机会专利,最后通过建立技术机会评价体系进行机会的评价,以发现技术机会。[结果/结论]石墨烯实证领域验证了本研究框架的有效性与准确性,该框架能够自上而下,层层深入地揭示技术创新的关键矛盾和技术发展可能性。[Purpose/Significance]It is of positive significance for scientific and technological researchers to better grasp the direction of innovation breakthrough,conquer key core technologies and promote technological innovation to carry out technology opportunity discovery research based on problem orientation and solution approach.[Method/Process]With P-S,following the research process of problems-solutions-technology opportunities,this paper constructed a technology opportunity discovery framework oriented to technical problems and solutions.First,it used machine learning annotation model and topic model to analyze multiple samples of patent specifications,review papers and technical requirements documents to identify key technical problems.Secondly,SAO and association matching were used to identify technical solution patents,and outlier detection method were used to identify potential technology opportunity patents.Finally,technology opportunity evaluation system was established,so as to find technology opportunities.[Result/Conclusion]The empirical field of graphene has verified the effectiveness and accuracy of this research framework,which can deeply reveal the key contradictions of technological innovation and the possibility of technological development from top to bottom.

关 键 词：技术机会发现 技术问题 问题—解决方案 离群分析 

分 类 号：G25[文化科学—图书馆学]