侵犯公民个人信息罪行为要件的教义学重释——从“主体间移转”到“利用能力新增”  

The Doctrinal Reinterpretation of the Elements of Conduct of the Infringing Citizens'Personal Information Crime-from"Transfer between Subjects"to"Increase of Utilization Capacity"

作　　者：黄陈辰 HUANG Chen-chen

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院 [2]中央民族大学法学院“企业家权益保护研究中心”

出　　处：《北方法学》2023年第5期106-115,共10页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“个人信息有序共享的刑民一体化保护研究”(20CFX027)的研究成果。

摘　　要：受“以传统财物移转标准为参照的惯性思维”的影响,侵犯公民个人信息罪行为要件的当前解释进路以“主体间移转”为核心,认为“提供”与“获取”指的是信息移转,强调公民个人信息在不同主体之间的流动,呈现出一种由此及彼的外部形态。这一解释路径看似准确且合理,实则从产生之初即内嵌着无视法益解释论机能、过分强调信息在不同主体间的移转、忽略个人信息特性及其与传统财物间的区别等固有局限,因此需要进行调整。侵犯公民个人信息罪所保护之法益为信息自决权,对该法益之侵犯在信息流通环节主要表现为未经许可实施信息移转行为,而这一行为必须能够使接收方获得对相关信息的利用能力。以此“利用能力新增”标准对侵犯公民个人信息罪行为要件进行重新解读,“提供”指的是供给方使他人获得对某些个人信息的利用能力,“获取”指的是接收方信息利用能力的增加。Influenced by the inertia thinking based on the traditional property transfer standard of property transfer,the current interpretation approach to the elements of conduct of the crime of infringing citizens'personal information is centered on"transfer between subjects",it is believed that"providing"and"obtaining"refer to information transfer,emphasizing the flow of citizens personal information between different subjects,and presenting an external form from one subject to another.This interpretation path seems to be accurate and reasonable,but in fact,it has inherent limitations such as ignoring the function of the interpretation of legal interests,overemphasizing the transfer of information between different subjects,ignoring the characteristics of personal information and the difference from traditional property,which need to be adjusted.The legal interest protected by the crime of infringing on citizens'personal information is the right of information self-determination.The infringement on it is mainly manifested in the unauthorized transfer of information in the information circulation link,which must enable the recipient to obtain the ability to use relevant information.Using this"increase of utilization capacity"standard to reinterpret the elements of conduct of the crime of infringing citizens'personal information,we can draw the conclusion that"providing"means that the supplier makes others obtain"the ability to use certain personal information",and"obtaining"refers to the increase of the ability of the recipient to use information.

关 键 词：侵犯公民个人信息罪 信息自决权 信息利用能力 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]