基于奇/偶互补磁场理论的自起动永磁同步电机两种运行状态研究  

Research on Two Operating States and Switching Process of Line-start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on the Theory of Odd/even Complementary Magnetic Field

作　　者：阚超豪[1] 赵如鹏 余银钢 KAN Chaohao;ZHAO Rupeng;YU Yingang(College of Electrical&Automatic Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui Province,China;Anhui Onesky Electric Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230088,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,安徽省合肥市230009 [2]安徽一天电气技术股份有限公司,安徽省合肥市230088

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2023年第17期6862-6873,共12页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51377040);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202104a05020078)。

摘　　要：基于奇/偶互补磁场理论的新型自起动永磁同步电机(line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor,LSPMSM)根据定子绕组两种联结方式,可分为不同的运行状态。定子仅主绕组接入电网时,电机处于“互补磁场”状态,此时转子同位线圈电阻的折算值增大,电抗折算值不变,进而在起动初期缩小电机冲击电流的同时,增大起动转矩。定子主绕组与次绕组同时供电时,电机处于常规状态,此时定子绕组电磁性能等效于正规60°相带设计,稳态运行时性能与普通LSPMSM相同。该文分别对新型电机两种运行状态下的工作原理、等效电路和转矩–转速曲线进行分析。建立有限元仿真模型,对样机两种运行状态的堵转性能、起动性能进行研究,并分别研究样机在空载、重载起动条件下的切换过程。样机试验与仿真结果表明,轻载时在牵入同步速度附近切换运行状态,重载时在0.6倍额定转速前切换运行状态,新型电机能够兼顾高起动性能与高稳态性能。The novel line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor(LSPMSM)based on the theory of odd/even complementary magnetic field can be categorized into two different running states according to variation in states of stator windings.When the primary winding is plugged into the power grid solely,the motor is in the state of“complementary magnetic field”,and the converted value of the rotor isostatic coil resistance increases while the converted value of the reactance remains constant,by which the starting current is reduced and the starting torque is strengthened.When the primary and secondary windings are energized simultaneously,the motor is in the normal state.The stator windings are equivalent to the normal 60°phase zone,and the steady-state operation is the same as that of the ordinary LSPMSM.The mathematical model of the new motor is derived,and the working principle,equivalent circuit and torque-speed curve of the same coil under the two operating states are analyzed respectively.Finite element simulation model is established to study the locked-rotor performance and starting performance of the prototype under two operating conditions,and the switching processes of the prototype under no-load and heavy-load starting conditions are studied respectively.It is verified jointly by prototype test and simulation that high stable performance and high initial performance can both be realized by the novel motor so long as it switches its running states near the synchronous speed under light load or before it reaches 0.6 times rated speed under heavy load.

关 键 词：自起动永磁同步电机 奇/偶互补磁场 堵转特性 切换过程 稳态运行特性 

分 类 号：TM341[电气工程—电机]