稻田甲烷排放现状、减排技术和低碳生产战略路径  

Status of methane emissions from paddy fields,mitigation technologies and strategic pathways for low-carbon production

作　　者：秦晓波[1] 王金明 王斌[1] 万运帆[1] QIN Xiao-Bo;WANG Jin-Ming;WANG Bin;WAN Yun-Fan(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture/Agricultural and Rural Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/中国农业科学院农业农村碳达峰碳中和研究中心/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2023年第5期541-558,共18页Climate Change Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700202-05);江西省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(20221ZDH04057);国家自然科学基金(41775157)。

摘　　要：作为第一大主粮作物,水稻在我国粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给体系中占有举足轻重的地位,其低碳生产不仅关乎国家双碳战略的推进,更对国家粮食自给率提升、国民膳食营养改善和气候外交的实施意义重大。文中从我国稻田甲烷(CH_(4))排放现状、减排技术和低碳生产战略等方面,系统论述了低碳可持续稻谷生产系统的实现路径。近年来,我国水稻种植面积尽管有所波动,但水稻单产持续增加,2021年平均亩产高达474.2 kg,创历史新高。与此同时,稻田也是我国CH_(4)主要排放源(1.87亿t CO_(2)e),占我国农业活动CH_(4)排放总量的40.1%。因此,面对水稻可持续生产、未来气候变化不利影响及气候外交的多重挑战,稻田CH_(4)减排要充分考虑水分、肥料、品种、耕作和菌剂产品等的综合运筹,以人为强化措施为主,辅以基于自然的解决方案,建立主产稻区适用“抑菌减排-增腐固碳-良种丰产-减投增效”的“抑增良减”技术体系。实施覆盖作物种植、免耕轮作、高产低排品种选育、覆膜保墒、菌剂增效产品、智能机具、合理密植、肥蘖脱钩、干湿交替和增氧耕作等十大技术模式,在确保稻米有效供给的同时减排增碳,实现水稻可持续绿色高质量发展。As the largest staple food crop,rice plays a pivotal role in China's stable and safe supply system of grain and important agricultural products.It can be seen that low-carbon rice production is not only related to the promotion of the national dual-carbon strategy,but also of great significance for the improvement of the national grain self-sufficiency rate,the improvement of national dietary nutrition and the implementation of climate diplomacy.This paper systematically discusses the realization path of low-carbon sustainable rice production system from the aspects of China's rice field methane emission status,emission reduction technology and lowcarbon production strategy.In recent years,although the rice planting area in China has fluctuated,the yield per unit area of rice has continued to increase.In 2021,the average yield per mu(1 mu≈667 m^(2)) reached 474.2 kg,a record high in history.At the same time,rice fields are also the main source of methane(CH_(4)) emissions in China(187 Mt CO_(2)e),accounting for 40.1% of the total methane emissions from agricultural activities in China.Therefore,facing the multiple challenges of sustainable rice production,adverse impacts of climate change in the future,and climate diplomacy,CH_(4) emission reduction in paddy fields must fully consider the comprehensive planning of water,fertilizers,varieties,tillage,and inoculum products.It is necessary to establish a technical system based on human-enhanced measures supplemented by Nature-based Solutions,for inhibiting growth,improving production and increasing efficiency based on near-natural regulation and artificial enhancement,which is applicable to the main rice-producing areas.On this regarding,the implementation of cover crop planting,notillage rotation,high-yield and low-emission variety breeding,mulching and moisture conservation,bacterial agent synergistic products,intelligent machinery,reasonable dense planting,decoupling of tillers,alternating wet and dry,and aerobic farming,etc.,to ensure the effective supply of r

关 键 词：水稻 粮食安全 甲烷(CH_(4)) 减排技术 低碳生产战略 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]