东道国数字经济与中国对外直接投资区位决策——基于上市公司数据的研究  

Digital Economy of the Host Country and Location Choice of China’s OFDI:A Study Based on the Data of Listed Companies

作　　者：张俊彦 贾玉成 张诚[3] Zhang Junyan;Jia Yucheng;Zhang Cheng(School of Economics,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Shanxi Taiyuan 030012,China;Institute of Regional Economics and Urban Development,Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学经济学院,山西太原030012 [2]天津社会科学院区域经济与城市发展研究所,天津300071 [3]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《上海财经大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期49-62,共14页Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国制造业外迁态势、经济影响与对策研究”(21AJL011)。

摘　　要：在全球数字经济迅猛发展的当下,东道国数字经济已然成为中国跨国公司对外投资时需要考虑的重要因素。文章基于就近集中权衡理论的HMY模型,使用2007—2019年中国上市公司对外直接投资(OFDI)数据,检验东道国数字经济发展对跨国公司对外投资决策的影响。结果显示:东道国数字经济发展显著增强该国对中国OFDI的吸引力,并以本地成本和额外成本路径为中介机制,其中,前者表现为数字经济对东道国资本回报率的提升,后者表现为对文化制度开放程度的提高。宏观层面,发达国家的数字经济对中国OFDI的吸引力更强;企业层面,数字经济对低生产率和低数字化的企业具有较强的吸引力,表明数字经济发展可以拉低跨国投资门槛,同时对首次进入东道国的企业更具有吸引力,表明数字经济帮助中国企业克服缺乏东道国投资经验而导致的外来者劣势。因此,要鼓励企业开展针对数字经济要素的跨国投资,特别是给予生产率较低的跨国企业更多的数字领域的帮扶,推动其“走出去”。With the rapid development of the global digital economy,the digital economy of the host country has become an influencing factor that Chinese multinational firms need to consider when investing abroad,but its effect and mechanism are still controversial.On the positive side,the elements of the digital economy have high information mobility,which means that the developed digital economy of the host country has the advantage of market transaction costs,thus forming the location advantage over OFDI.On the negative side,the development of the digital economy has made cross-border markets more interactive,which helps to create more virtual global business networks and leads to some non-physical market entry methods,thereby reducing the need for international investment.Based on the HMY model of the nearby concentration tradeoff theory and from the perspective of firm productivity heterogeneity,this paper constructs a theoretical model of the impact of the digital economy development of the host country on the OFDI decisions of multinational firms.Using the OFDI data of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2019 and the high-dimensional fixed-effect Posson Pseudo-maximum likelihood regression model,the empirical test finds that the digital economy development of the host country significantly enhances the country’s attraction to China’s OFDI,and local cost and additional cost paths are used as the intermediary mechanism,among which,the former is manifested as an increase in the return on the capital of the host country by the digital economy,and the latter is manifested as an increase in the degree of openness to cultural systems.Based on the test of firm attributes and country heterogeneity,the conclusions are as follows:At the macro level,the digital economy of developed countries is more attractive to China’s OFDI,while the digital economy of less-developed countries is difficult to form a regional advantage.At the firm level,the digital economy is highly attractive to Chinese low-productivity and low-digital

关 键 词：对外直接投资(OFDI) 数字经济 本地成本 额外成本 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]