近30年西双版纳热带雨林群落冠层组成与结构的动态变化  

Dynamic changes of composition and structure oftropical rain forests in Xishuangbanna in recent thirty years

作　　者：李建伟 杜凡 陆元昌[2] 杨健明 刘瑞 党雪芳 石明 LI Jianwei;DU Fan;LU Yuanchang;YANG Jianming;LIU Rui;DANG Xuefang;SHI Ming(College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China;Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [2]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第10期80-88,96,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：全国森林经营基础研究项目(1692017-7)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究1993—2021年西双版纳原始热带雨林在自然状态下的生长变化规律,为热带雨林的保护和恢复重建提供科学依据。【方法】为了解原始热带雨林的自然演变情况,对5块共1.25 hm2的望天树群落(Parashorea chinensis)样地开展了近30年的监测,从乔木层树种数量、树种多样性指数、个体数量、径级结构以及主要树种和偶见种等的变化分析群落演变。【结果】①1993年初测时5块样地记录乔木层树种183种,隶属于48科116属,到2021年乔木层树种减少到177种,隶属于43科112属,其间有28个种退出乔木层,22个种新进入乔木层,退出及新进入的乔木多为偶见种;群落的丰富度指数和Simpson指数均呈小幅下降,年均减少率分别为0.12%和0.08%。②28年来,5块样地乔木树种个体由1963株减少到1779株,累计死亡699株,年均死亡率1.27%;累计进界515株,年均进界率0.94%。死亡乔木集中于小径级(5 cm≤胸径(DBH)<15 cm)个体,计485株,占总死亡株数的69.38%;大径级(DBH≥45 cm)个体死亡最少,计16株,占2.29%。初测时5块样地中有21个主要树种,计1189株;2021年减少至18个主要树种,计1155株,其间进界324株,死亡353株,年均进界率及年均死亡率分别为0.94%和1.03%;望天树及假海桐等5个主要树种的种群数量在增加,毒鼠子和钝叶桂等15个主要树种的种群数量在减少,金钩花和阔叶蒲桃的种群数量保持不变。③群落的径级结构未发生明显变化,均以小径级的个体数量最多,随着胸径的增大个体数量逐渐减少,呈倒“J”型分布。主要树种个体数量波动随径级增大在减小,而偶见种各径级个体数量波动均较大,且无论在哪个径级,主要树种的径级结构都比偶见种径级结构变化小。【结论】虽然望天树群落各项指标均有一定变化,但波动不明显,群落外貌特征基本保持不变,整体发展较为稳定,群落接近顶极群落状态。【Objective】The growth and change of original tropical rain forests in Xishuangbanna from 1993 to 2021 were studied to provide basis for their protection,restoration and reconstruction.【Method】To understand the natural evolution of original tropical rain forests,5 Parashorea chinensis plots with a total area of 1.25 hm 2 were monitored for nearly 30 years.The number of tree species,species diversity index number of individuals,DBH classes structure,and changes of main tree species and rare species in the arbor layer regarding community evolution were analyzed.【Result】①A total of 183 tree species belonging to 48 families and 116 genera were recorded in the sampling square in 1993.By 2021,there were 177 tree species belonging to 43 families and 112 genera in the tree layer.During this period,28 species exited from the arbor layer,22 species entered the arbor layer,and most of the exited and newly entered arbors were rare species.The richness index and Simpson index of the community decreased slightly,with an average annual reduction rate of 0.12%and 0.08%,respectively.②In the past 28 years,the number of arbor species decreased from 1963 to 1779,with a cumulative death of 699,an average annual mortality rate of 1.27%,a cumulative entry of 515,and an average annual entry rate of 0.94%.The dead trees were concentrated in small-diameter(5 cm≤DBH<15 cm)individuals with a total of 485,accounting for 69.38%.The death rate of large diameter(DBH≥45 cm)individuals was the lowest of 16,accounting for 2.29%.There were 21 main tree species and 1189 trees in 1993.In 2021,there were 18 main tree species and 1155 trees.Du-ring this period,324 trees entered the boundary and 353 died.The annual entry rate and mortality rate were 0.94%and 1.03%,respectively.The populations of 5 main tree species such as P.chinensis and Pittosporopsis kerrii were increasing,the populations of 15 main tree species such as Dichapetalum gelonioides and Cinnamomum bejolghota were decreasing,and the populations of Pseuduvaria indochinens

关 键 词：望天树林 乔木层树种 种群变化动态 群落结构 西双版纳 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]