斑鸠菊精油对红火蚁的熏蒸活性研究  

The Fumigation Activity of Essential Oil from Vernonia esculenta Against Red Imported Fire Ant

作　　者：邝凡 魏英 王俊玲 江洪敏 黄钰涵 边腊红 左凤 肖明昆 Kuang Fan;Wei Ying;Wang Junling;Jiang Hongmin;Huang Yuhan;Bian Lahong;Zuo Feng;Xiao Mingkun(Xichang Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Station,Xichang Sichuan 615500,China;Liangshan Prefecture Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center,Liangshan Sichuan 615000,China;Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,BaoshanYunnan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]西昌市农产品质量安全检测站,四川西昌615500 [2]凉山州农产品质量安全检测中心,四川凉山615000 [3]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2023年第5期171-176,共6页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：西昌市科技计划项目(西教体科[2020]209号)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨斑鸠菊精油化学成分及防治红火蚁的效果,采用水蒸馏法提取斑鸠菊的精油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析精油的化学成分,运用熏蒸法测定该精油对红火蚁的熏蒸活性及亚致死活性。结果表明:黄色透明的斑鸠菊精油具有浓郁香气,提取率为1.23%;该精油中鉴定出了15种化学成分,其中β-香树脂醇和α-香树脂醇为其主要化学成分,相对质量分数分别为36.98%和23.00%;该精油对红火蚁的灭杀活性随着处理时间和处理浓度的增加而增加,当处理浓度为200μL/L和100μL/L时,分别在处理4 h和6 h后致死率达到最高(100%);当处理浓度为200μL/L时,分别在LT_(5)和LT_(10)处理时间后挑取活蚁正常培养,活蚁分别在6 h和5 h内全部死亡。由此可见,斑鸠菊精油对红火蚁具有极高的熏蒸活性,且造成的伤害是不可逆的。In this study,the chemical composition analysis of essential oil of Vernonia esculenta(VE)and its effect on the control of red imported fire ant(RFIA)were studyed.The essential oil of VE was extracted by water distillation and the compounds were analysed by GC−MS,then the fumigation activity of VE against red imported fire ant was tested.The result showed that the yellow and transparent essential oil with strong aroma was extracted from VE by water distillation,and the extraction rate of VE reach about 1.23%.And 15 compounds were identified,the major constituents of VE areα−Amyrin andβ−Amyrin with 23.00%and 36.98%,respectively.The insecticidal activity of the essential oil against RFIA increased with treatment time and concentration increasing,and the highest mortality rate was 100%after 4 h and 6 h treatment at the concentrations of 200μL/L and 100μL/L,respectively.The alive RFIAs were selected and cultured normally after teratment LT_(5) and LT_(10) at 200μL/L concentration,while all RFIAs died during 6 h and 5 h respectively.The essential oil of VE has high fu-migation activity against red imported fire ants,and the damage is irreversible.This study can provide a new way against RFIA.

关 键 词：斑鸠菊 精油 化学成分 红火蚁 熏蒸活性 

分 类 号：S436.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]