刚果(金)鲁苏西铜钴矿床地质特征及成因探讨  

Geological characteristics and genesis of Luiswishi Cu-Co deposit in Democratic Republic of Congo

作　　者：王武名[1,2,3] 盛涛 董少波 张法武 孙宁 WANG Wuming;SHENG Tao;DONG Shaobo;ZHANG Fawu;SUN Ning(Institute of Resource Survey and Assessment of East China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau for Non-ferrous Metals,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China;Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Company Limited,Tongxiang 314500,Zhejiang,China;SINOTECH Minerals Exploration Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100012,China;China National Geological and Mining Corporation,Beijing 100029,China;Kunming Prospecting Design Institute of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650051,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局资源调查与评价研究院,江苏南京210007 [2]浙江华友钴业股份有限公司,浙江桐乡314500 [3]中色地科矿产勘查股份有限公司,北京100012 [4]中国地质矿业有限公司,北京100029 [5]中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《矿产与地质》2023年第4期686-696,共11页Mineral Resources and Geology

摘　　要：鲁苏西矿床位于刚果(金)加丹加外侧褶皱推覆带,属层控型铜钴矿床。矿床产出于新元古代加丹加超群矿山组还原性地层中,按层序关系分为三层矿体,即坎莫托段底部、白云岩化页岩段底部和刚波夫段底部,矿床受卢非利安造山活动的推覆挤压作用而呈向斜形态。矿石类型分为硫化矿和氧化矿,其中硫化矿主要矿石矿物有黄铜矿、硫铜钴矿、辉铜矿、硫钴矿等,矿化类型主要为浸染状、平行层理细脉状和脉状矿化,前两种矿化为成岩期(821~762 Ma)盆地卤水中的铜钴离子经生物还原作用沉淀形成,后者是由于卢非利安造山期(600~530 Ma)的推覆挤压作用促使早期硫化物再活化、运移并经热化学还原作用形成;氧化矿主要矿石矿物为孔雀石、硅孔雀石、菱钴矿和水钴矿,是在表生期低温(<50℃)流体作用下,经过硫化物氧化、流体酸中和、次生铜钴氧化物沉淀三个过程形成,由于铜钴元素的迁移性差异,形成氧化带上钴下铜的分层矿化特征。Lususi deposit is located in the external fold-and-thrust belt of Katanga,Congo(Kinshasa),and belongs to a layer-controlled copper cobalt deposit.The deposit occurred in the reductive strata of Mine Formation of the Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup.According to the sequence relationship,it can be divided into three layers of ore bodies,namely,the bottom of the Kamoto section,the bottom of the dolomitized shale section,and the bottom of the Gambov section.The deposit is in a syncline shape due to the overthrust and compression of the Lufeilian orogeny.The ore types are divided into sulfide ore and oxidized ore.The main ore minerals of sulfide ore are chalcopyrite,sulfocobalite,chalcocite,sulfocobalite,etc.The mineralization types are mainly disseminated,parallel bedding veinlets and vein mineralization.The former two types of mineralization are formed by the biological reduction precipitation of copper and cobalt ions in the basin brine during diagenesis(821-762 Ma).The latter is due to the reactivation,migration and thermochemistry reduction of early sulfides caused by nappe compression during the Lufeinian orogeny(600-530 Ma).The main ore minerals of oxidized ore are malachite,silicon malachite,rhodochrosite and hydrocobaltite,which are formed by sulfide oxidation,fluid acid neutralization and secondary copper cobalt oxide precipitation under the action of low temperature(<50℃)fluid in the supergene period.Due to the migration difference of copper and cobalt elements,the layered mineralization characteristics of upper cobalt and lower copper in the oxidation zone are formed.

关 键 词：铜钴矿床 地质特征 矿床成因 刚果(金) 鲁苏西 

分 类 号：P618.41[天文地球—矿床学] P618.62[天文地球—地质学]