黄梁木精油活性成分测定及其对全株玉米青贮有氧稳定的影响  

Determination of the Active Components of Essential Oil in Neolamarckiacadamba and Its Effect on the Aerobic Stabilization of Whole Plant Corn Silage

作　　者：杨丹 吴硕 陈丹丹 张庆 YANG Dan;WU Shuo;CHEN Dan-dan;ZHANG Qing(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong Province 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广东木本饲料工程技术研究中心,广东省森林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第9期2860-2867,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2022YFE0111000-2,2022YFD1300901)资助。

摘　　要：为探究黄梁木(Neolamarckia cadamba)精油活性成分和添加黄梁木精油对全株玉米青贮有氧稳定的影响,本试验采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取黄梁木精油,利用气相-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析了黄梁木精油的活性成分。全株玉米(Zea mays)青贮发酵70天后分别添加0.625(N1),1.25(N2),2.5(N4)和3.75(N6)mL·kg^(-1)黄梁木精油,设空白对照组(CK),测定不同处理的全株玉米青贮的有氧稳定性和有氧暴露7天后发酵品质变化。结果表明,黄梁木精油成分复杂,含有多种代谢物。在全株玉米中添加黄梁木精油可以抑制不良微生物的活性,减少营养物质的损失。有氧暴露7天后,随着精油添加量的增加,全株玉米青贮中干物质含量显著升高(P<0.05),pH值、乳酸菌和酵母菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。当精油添加量为2.5和3.75 mL·kg^(-1)时,全株玉米青贮在有氧暴露7天内温度均比较稳定。因此,不同添加量的黄梁木精油均可提高全株玉米青贮有氧稳定性,其中添加2.5 mL·kg^(-1)时即可保持青贮饲料的有氧稳定性。In order to investigate the active ingredients of the essential oil in Neolamarckia cadamba and its effect on the aerobic stabilization of whole-plant corn silage,this experiment was conducted to extract N.cadamba essential oil by hydrodistillation and analyzed the active components of that oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).After 70 days of silage,the whole-plant corn silage was treated with no addition(CK),additions of 0.625(N1),1.25(N2),2.5(N4)and 3.75(N6)mL·kg^(-1) N.cadamba essential oil,and investigated the aerobic stability of the silage under those different treatments and the change in fermentation quality after 7 days of aerobic exposure.The results show that the essential oil of N.cadamba had complex components and contains various metabolites.The addition of essential oil of N.cadamba into whole-plant corn silage inhibited the activity of undesirable microorganisms and reduced the loss of nutrients.After 7 days of aerobic exposure,with the increase of N.cadamba essential oil addition,the dry matter content in the whole-plant corn silage significantly increased(P<0.05),while the pH value,number of lactic acid bacteria and yeast significantly decreased(P<0.05).When the essential oil was added at 2.5 and 3.75 mL·kg^(-1),the temperature of whole plant corn silage was relatively stable within 7 days of aerobic exposure.In conclusion,there is potential to add different amount of Neolamarckia cadamba essential oil to improve the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage,and addition of N.cadamba essential oil with 2.5 mL·kg^(-1) would have beneficial effects on the aerobic stabilization of the corn silage.

关 键 词：黄梁木精油 全株玉米 青贮 有氧稳定 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]