基于高动态粒子冲蚀的火炮身管寿命研究  

Study on Barrel Life of Gun Based on High Dynamic Particles Erosion

作　　者：丁树奎 张领科[2] 丁旭冉 于世勇 王戴思源 王克 DING Shukui;ZHANG Lingke;DING Xuran;YU Shiyong;WANG Daisiyuan;WANG ke(China North Industries Corp.,Beijing 100081,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Qiqihar Heping Heavy Industries Group Co.,Ltd.,Qiqihaer 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国北方工业有限公司,北京100081 [2]南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,江苏南京210094 [3]齐齐哈尔和平重工集团有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《弹道学报》2023年第3期18-25,共8页Journal of Ballistics

摘　　要：火炮在发射过程中,身管处在高温高压火药燃烧气体的烧蚀、冲刷和弹丸之间产生的机械磨损的综合作用下,导致内膛表面耗损退化以致改变了内膛结构尺寸。内膛尺寸变化特别是阳线减材逐步造成弹道性能丧失从而导致身管寿命终结,严重影响武器系统作战效能。基于一种动态粒子对塑性金属材料的冲蚀微切削理论,假设膛内高温高压燃气与固体药粒在坡膛处由于高速运动且速度方向与壁面之间有一定的夹角,将固体火药药粒视为一把微型切刀,当粒子碰撞并划过身管壁面材料表面时,材料被“切除”而产生损失,导致身管表面形成一定的冲蚀量,引起膛线起始部位严重冲刷磨损。基于此,提出了一种高动态粒子对内膛冲蚀的身管寿命理论。该理论基于火炮内弹道、身管内膛壁面传热模型和身管冲蚀量计算数学模型,通过求解内弹道和身管传热模型,获得火药颗粒的孔隙率、粒径和壁面温度变化规律以及内弹道特征参数和高动态粒子的分布规律。实践表明,采用在膛线起始部后某位置内膛增加集流锥的方法对高动态粒子冲蚀理论进行了试验验证,计算结果与试验吻合较好,证明了理论和模型的正确性。In the process of gun launching,under the combined action of ablation and erosion of high-temperature high-pressure gunpowder combustion gas and mechanical wear between projectiles,the inner bore surface is worn and degraded,which changes the structure and size of the inner bore.The change of the bore size,especially the material reduction of the land,gradually results in the loss of the ballistic performance,which leads to the end of barrel life,and seriously affects the operational efficiency of the weapon system.Based on a micro cutting theory of plastic metal materials eroded by dynamic particles,it was assumed that the high-temperature high-pressure gas and solid propellant particles in the chamber moved at a high speed at the slope chamber,and there was a certain angle between the velocity direction and the wall surface.The solid propellant particles were considered as a micro cutter.When the particles collided and scratched the material surface of the barrel wall,the material was"cut off"to produce losses,resulting in a certain amount of erosion on the barrel surface.A life theory of gun barrel for erosion of inner bore by highly dynamic particles was proposed.The theory is based on the interior ballistics of artillery,the heat transfer model of the barrel bore wall and the mathematical model of barrel erosion calculation.By solving the interior ballistics and barrel heat transfer model,the porosity,particle size and wall temperature variation laws of propellant particles,as well as the characteristic parameters of interior ballistics and the distribution laws of high dynamic particles were obtained.The result shows that the experimental verification of the high dynamic particle erosion theory can be carried out by adding a collecting cone in the bore after the starting position of the rifling,and the calculation results are in good agreement with the experiment,which proves the correctness of the theory model.

关 键 词：身管寿命 内弹道 高动态粒子 冲蚀模型 冲蚀直径 

分 类 号：TJ33[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]