雾霾锁城:生态供求因素的传导机制与经验分析  

Covered in Haze:Transmission Mechanism and Empirical Analysis of Ecological Supply and Demand Factors

作　　者：夏勇 胡雅蓓[1] 寇冬雪 张彩云 XIA Yong;HU Yabei;KOU Dongxue;ZHANG Caiyun(School of International Business and Economics,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China;Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China;Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学国际经贸学院,江苏南京210023 [2]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006 [3]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《当代经济科学》2023年第5期46-60,共15页Modern Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于生产性服务业的先进制造业集群产业生态优化研究”(19BJY109);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“江苏省跨界流域生态补偿的利益共享机制与优化路径研究”(2020SJA0255);北京市社会科学基金一般项目“数字化赋能北京市制造业企业价值链攀升”(21JJB015)。

摘　　要：选取中国285个地级及以上城市面板数据,结合工具变量—两阶段最小二乘回归(IV-2SLS)方法实证分析生态供求因素对大气污染的影响及其传导机制。结果显示:第一,尽管生态承载力对大气污染状态发挥了基础的物质禀赋作用,但生态承载力越大的城市环境治理成本越低,进而更易引发提升生态足迹的逆向选择而存在“生态承载力悖论”现象;第二,生态足迹通过技术效应、规模效应和结构效应三条渠道作用于大气污染状态,其中技术效应起到抑制大气污染的作用,而规模效应和结构效应加重了大气污染,三者相结合引致生态足迹与大气污染之间呈现出显著的“环境库兹涅茨曲线”特征;第三,各城市大气污染的非均衡状态是由各自生态问题背后潜伏的生态供求格差所致,并且生态亏损越多,大气污染程度越高。据此提出,一要将“生态承载力红线”纳入各项经济和环境政策,作为地区合理控制生态足迹的前置约束;二要追求绩效评估的环境公平,制定并实施环境公平的政策决策。Currently,Chinese cities face a prominent coexistence of ecological supply and demand imbalances and air pollution disparities.It is manifested as the different states of pollution in different regions,that is,the phenomenon of spatial differentiation of pollution on the one hand,on the other hand,it is reflected in the phenomenon of varying degrees of pollution caused by the same pollutant in areas with similar ecological carrying capacity.This study aims to theoretically explain the internal influence mechanism of“covered in haze”and propose solutions by examining ecological factors.However,research on the linkage between ecological supply and demand and air pollution is limited,hindering the understanding of the spatial and degree differentiation of“covered in haze”.This study investigates the impact of ecological factors on air pollution in Chinese cities by analyzing panel data from 285 Chinese cities using the Instrumental Variables-Two Stage Least Squares regression method,which not only analyzes the monotonous influence and its mechanism of ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint on the air pollution,but also comprehensively examines the combined impact of the two on non-equilibrium state of air pollution,avoiding the endogenous effects between variables and ensuring the unbiased empirical results.The study is grounded in the prevalent spatial and degree differentiation of urban air pollution in China.The findings reveal several important insights.First,ecological carrying capacity significantly affects air pollution levels.Higher ecological carrying capacities correspond to lower degrees of air pollution.Although ecological carrying capacity becomes a tight constraint on the state of air pollution,a greater ecological carrying capacity can also reduce the cost of urban environmental governance,leading to adverse selection and resulting in the“ecological carrying capacity paradox”.Second,the ecological footprint exerts significant technical,scale,and structural effects on air pol

关 键 词：生态供求格差 大气污染 城市环境治理 生态承载力 生态足迹 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济] X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]