台风利奇马(1909)海温变化特征分析  

Analyzing Sea Temperature Variation in Response to Typhoon Lekima(1909)

作　　者：李肖霞[1,2] 张雨潇 曹晓钟 张志龙[1,3] LI Xiaoxia;ZHANG Yuxiao;CAO Xiaozhong;ZHANG Zhilong(Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;Shanghai Typhoon Institute,China Meteorological Administration,Shanghai 200030;Fengnan District Meteorological Bureau of Tangshan City,Tangshan 063300)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象局上海台风研究所,上海200030 [3]唐山市丰南区气象局,唐山063300

出　　处：《大气科学》2023年第5期1295-1308,共14页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项——海洋气象漂流观测仪开发及应用项目2014YQ110787;上海台风研究基金项目——海洋观测要素对台风响应的特征研究TFJJ202008。

摘　　要：本文采用多源卫星融合数据、海洋气象漂流观测仪直接测量数据、Argo浮标的数据以及分析数据集,分析2019年超强台风利奇马过境时海面温度(SST)以及海温垂直剖面的时空变化。结果表明,“利奇马”过境前后,SST最大降温可达5℃以上,并且降温区域集中在台风路径的右侧;“利奇马”过境导致近表层与次表层水体的垂直混合,次表层水体被加热,使混合层深度增加,深层海水温度升高。通过各类数据分析,发现“利奇马”过境后引起的SST降温核心区域的形成滞后于“利奇马”台风中心区域约1~2天。在各类数据的对比分析中,由于海洋气象漂流观测仪的数据是直接测量的,且采样频次高,能够更加细致和准确的捕捉到温度的变化,且可以作为用于卫星数据校正的重要参考。另外,不同海洋区域的降温还与海洋环境有关,台风靠近黑潮,降温主要集中在混合层,台风远离黑潮,降温可以延伸到温跃层。Multiple-source satellite data,high-frequency data directly measured using marine meteorological drift buoy,Argo floats data,and Analysis Dataset were used in this study to analyze the temporal and spatial variation in sea surface temperature(SST)and vertical seawater temperature profile during supertyphoon Lekima(1909).The results showed that the maximum SST decrease could reach above 5℃after“Lekima”.The cooling area was more concentrated on the right side of the typhoon’s track.“Lekima”resulted in the vertical mixing of the near-surface water and subsurface water column,and the subsurface water column was heated,increasing the depth of the mixed layer and deep-water temperature.According to the abovementioned data,the emergence of the main SST decreased region was 1 or 2 days later than the appearance of the“Lekima”center area.Among all the data,the marine drift buoy data could more accurately describe the SST variation and could be used as a reference to verify the satellite data because the drifting buoy could directly measure the SST at high frequencies.Moreover,the cooling effect in different marine regions also depended on the marine environment.The cooling effect was concentrated in the mixed layer when“Lekima”got closer to Kuroshio.Conversely,when“Lekima”was far from Kuroshio,the cooling effect could extend to the thermocline.

关 键 词：海面温度 多源卫星融合数据 分析数据集 ARGO 浮标 漂流观测仪 “利奇马” 

分 类 号：P47[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]