创造力理论研究综述  

A Literature Review of Creativity Theory Research

作　　者：姚冠男 陈雅晴 YAO Guannan;CHEN Yaqing(Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China;China University of Geoscience,Wuhan 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学,北京100084 [2]中国地质大学,北京100083

出　　处：《湖南工业职业技术学院学报》2023年第4期21-27,共7页Journal of Hunan Industry Polytechnic

基　　金：湖南教育科学规划“十三五”课题“思想政治理论教学空间研究”(项目编号:XJK21CDY011);中国高校创新创业教育改革研究基金项目“中国创新创业教育政策保障体系研究”(项目编号:16CCJG01Z008)。

摘　　要：学术界对创造力的系统研究始于20世纪50年代,时任美国心理协会主席的吉尔福特(J.P.Guilford)呼吁学界重视对创造力的研究。然而,纵观整个创造力研究历程,学者基于不同的研究范式及理论依据,基于不同的研究侧面对创造力的概念进行了多维度的定义和阐释。本研究先从个体层面和系统层面介绍与创造力有关的理论架构,其中个体层面的创造力理论包括精神分析理论、人文主义与发展理论、行为主义与联想主义理论、创造力认知理论,系统层面的创造力理论包括文化社会理论和系统理论,通过对以上理论的提出背景和代表观点的分析归纳,发现创造力理论经历了如下三个发展方向:(1)从个体无意识状态的心理特质到多种认知模式的交互配合,从天赋资质到可培养的能力;(2)从个人层面的特质能力发展为个体和环境的互动成果;(3)对于创造力的领域特殊性和领域一般性的争论逐渐倾向于一般性与特殊性相融合的方向。The systematic research on creativity in academia began in the 1950s.Guilford,then president of the American Psychological Association,called on the academic community to attach importance to the research on creativity.However,throughout the whole process of creativity research,scholars have made multi-dimensional definitions and interpretations of the concept of"creativity"based on different research paradigms and theoretical basis and different research aspects.This study first introduces the theoretical framework related to creativity at the individual level and the system level.The creativity theory at the individual level includes psychoanalysis theory,humanism and development theory,behaviorism and associationism theory,and creativity cognitive theory.The creativity theory at the system level includes cultural social theory and system theory.Through the analysis and summary of the background and representative views of the above theories,It has been found that the theory of creativity has experienced the following three development directions:(1)from the psychological characteristics of the individual's unconscious state to the interaction and cooperation of multiple cognitive models,from the natural aptitude to the cultivable ability;(2)From the individual level of trait ability to the interactive results of individual and environment;(3)The debate on the domain specificity and domain generality of creativity gradually tends to the direction of integration of generality and particularity.

关 键 词：创造力 理论研究 发展方向 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]