三峡库区茶园坡面土壤水分空间分布特征及对降雨补给的响应  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Moisture on Tea Garden Slope and Its Response to Rainfall Replenishment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：李雪婷 刘目兴 卢世国[1,2] 王伟杰 易军 万金红 LI Xueting;LIU Muxing;LU Shiguo;WANG Weijie;YI Jun;WAN Jinhong(Hubei Key Laboratory of Geographic Process Analyzing and Simulation,Wuhan 430079;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079;Institute of Water Conservancy History,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院水利史研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第5期137-144,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771261,U21A2039);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2015CFA141)。

摘　　要：利用高频率(5 min)的土壤水分探针和自动气象站监测三峡库区典型茶园坡面与林地坡面的土壤水分变化过程及其对降雨的响应,明确了林地和茶园土壤水分变化的规律,揭示了土地利用方式和微地形对土壤水分和降雨储蓄的影响机制。结果表明:(1)在时间上,茶园和林地土壤含水率随降雨量的变化而改变,土壤含水率随土层深度呈现“W”型和“S”型变化。土壤含水率年内变异系数随着土层深度的增加而降低,表层土壤(10 cm)含水率为中等变异水平(10%<CV<100%),深层土壤(20—120 cm)含水率为弱变异水平(0<CV<10%)。(2)单因素方差分析显示,茶园砂粒含量显著大于林地,黏粒含量小于林地(p<0.05),砂粒比表面积小,保水性差,因此林地各坡位储水量明显大于茶园。(3)坡位对林地和茶园土壤水分的影响体现为上坡土壤水分的季节变化幅度小于中下坡,在80—120 cm土层表现最明显,上坡80—120 cm土层水分较稳定,而中下坡80—120 cm土层水分波动较大。坡位对储水量补给量的影响表现为下坡补给量大于中上坡。(4)Pearson相关分析表明,林地和茶园各坡位土壤水分补给量与降雨量呈显著正相关关系(p<0.01),且线性回归结果表明,决定系数(R)除茶园上坡外均大于0.81,说明土壤水分补给量和降雨量的拟合度较好。研究结果可为山地丘陵区茶园坡面降水资源的合理利用和区域水土流失治理提供参考。High frequency(5 min)soil moisture probes and automatic weather stations were used to monitor the soil moisture change process and its response to rainfall on typical tea garden slopes and woodland slopes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.The regularity of soil moisture change in woodland and tea garden was clarified,and the impact mechanism of land use patterns and microtopography on soil moisture and rainfall storage was revealed.The results indicated that:(1)The soil moisture of the tea garden and woodland varied with the rainfall,and the soil moisture of woodland and tea garden varied with the depth in“W”and“S”shape,respectively.The annual variation coefficient of soil moisture decreased with the increasing of soil depth.The change of water content was at moderate level(10%<CV<100%)in surface soil(10 cm),while it was at a weak variation level(0<CV<10%)in deep soil(20—120 cm).(2)Furthermore,the results of One-way ANOVA showed that sand content in tea garden was significantly greater than that in woodland(p<0.05),while the clay content was less than that in woodland.The specific surface area of sand particles was small,and the water retention was poor.Therefore,the water storage capacity of each slope of woodland was obviously greater than that of tea garden.(3)The influences of slope position on soil moisture in woodland and tea garden were similar.Specifically,the seasonal variation of soil moisture on upper slope was smaller than that on middle and lower slopes,and was most evident in the 80-120 cm soil layer.The water content of the 80—120 cm soil layer on the upper slope was relatively stable,while it changed dramatically on middle and lower slopes.The impact of slope position on water storage recharge was shown as the recharge amount on the lower slope was greater than that on the middle and upper slopes.(4)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the soil water supplementary amount and rainfall were in a significant(p<0.01)positive correlation in tea garden and woodland.And the linear regres

关 键 词：土壤水分 茶园 储水量 变异系数 三峡库区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]