北京地区荷斯坦牛体型性状改良进展分析  

Analysis on Improvement Progress of Holstein Cattle Body Shape Traits in Beijing

作　　者：姜志国 刘林[1,2] 张建聪 刘灿风 邹杨 闫青霞 陈绍祜[3] 侯自鹏[1,2] 赵凤 麻柱[1,2] JIANG Zhi-guo;LIU Lin;ZHANG Jian-cong;LIU Can-feng;ZOU Yang;YAN Qing-xia;CHEN Shao-hu;HOU Zi-peng;ZHAO Feng;MA Zhu(Beijing Dairy Cattle Center,Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Genetic,Breeding and Reproduction/Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Genetic,Breeding and Reproduction,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100192;Beijing Sunlon Livestock Ltd.Co.Ltd.Dairy Cattle Center,Beijing 100192;Dairy Association of China,Beijing 100192)

机构地区：[1]北京奶牛中心,奶牛遗传育种与繁殖北京市重点实验室/农业农村部奶牛遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,北京100192 [2]北京首农畜牧发展有限公司奶牛中心,北京100192 [3]中国奶业协会,北京100193

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2023年第9期24-30,共7页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项(2019NYYZ0502)(2019-2023);北京市种质创制和品种选育联合攻关项目资助(G20220628006);家畜产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC05-2022);奶牛优异新基因资源聚合创制(2021YFF1000704-04)。

摘　　要：本研究收集北京等地172341条荷斯坦牛体型性状记录,利用中国荷斯坦牛CPI计算使用的体型性状遗传评估方法开展育种值估计,选取北京地区具备体型鉴定和对应育种值记录的44762条荷斯坦牛数据,分析遗传改良进展,为群体改良提供依据。分析表明,2011-2020年出生的北京地区荷斯坦牛体型性状表型值、育种值整体呈现提高趋势;其中,2011年出生个体体型总评表型均值自81.3提升至2020年的83.98,育种值均值自-1.76提高至3.17;体高、后乳房附着宽度、骨质地等性状改良效果明显。2018-2020年出生的北京地区荷斯坦牛体型数据分析结果表明,该群体中后乳房附着高度、中央悬韧带、前乳房附着、后乳房附着宽度等乳房结构类性状在理想分差异、缺陷比例等方面仍存在改进空间,乳头长度、乳头位置等性状应同步得到重视。Totally172,341 Holstein cattle body size and trait records were collected from Beijing and other places in this study.The breeding value estimation was carried out by using the genetic evaluation method(CPI)of Chinese Holstein cattle body size traits.Data of 44,762 Holstein cattle with body size identification and corresponding breeding value records were selected from Beijing area to analyze the genetic improvement progress and provide the basis for population improvement.The results showed that the phenotypic values and breeding values of body size traits of Holstein cattle born in Beijing from 2011 to 2020 showed an overall trend of improvement.The phenotypic mean of total body size assessment of individuals born in 2011 increased from 81.3 to 83.98 in 2020,and the mean breeding value increased from-1.76 to 3.17.Stature,rear attach width,bone quality and other characters improved significantly.The results of body size data analysis of Holstein cattle born between 2018 and 2020 in Beijing showed that there was still room for improvement in the ideal difference and defect ratio of rear attach height,median suspensory,fore attachment,rear attach width and other udder structural traits in this population,and the nipple length and position should be paid attention to simultaneously.

关 键 词：荷斯坦牛 体型性状 群体改良 缺陷 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]