规模奶牛场生产用水监测分析研究  

Study on Monitoring and Analysis of Water Use for Large-scale Dairy Farms

作　　者：张应鹏[1,2] 叶小梅 杜静[1,2] 奚永兰 王莉[1,2] ZHANG Ying-peng;YE Xiao-mei;DU Jing;XI Yong-lan;WANG Li(Institute of Animal Science,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014;Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所,南京210014 [2]农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2023年第9期46-51,共6页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：江苏现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2022]439);江苏省农业科学院探索性颠覆性创新计划项目(ZX(21)1216)。

摘　　要：为探明规模奶牛场污水产生来源,提出源头减量有效措施,对江苏省两家规模奶牛场生产用水情况进行了周年运行监测,结果表明:①奶牛饮水、挤奶厅用水全年占比分别为58.83%、11.52%,喷淋水在夏季占比达到20.63%;②单位产奶量的泌乳牛饮水量为(4.6±1.7)L/kg牛奶,单位产奶量的总生产用水量为(13.1±6.0)L/kg牛奶;③奶牛场污水生化处理过程使用絮凝剂会额外消耗配制用水,进一步增加污水量。通过分析规模奶牛场生产用水构成发现,将挤奶厅地面冲洗废水、饮水槽清洗废水收集进行循环利用,传统喷淋改为红外感应喷淋等方式,千头规模奶牛场每年预计可节水减排超过3000m3。In order to ascertain the source of wastewater in large-scale dairy farms and put forward effective measures to realize source reduction,the annual operation monitoring of water use of two large-scale dairy farms in Jiangsu Province was carried out.The results showed that:(1)the annual consumption of drinking water and milking parlor water accounted for 58.83%and 11.52%respectively,while the spray water accounted for 20.63%in summer.(2)The lactating dairy cows require 4.6±1.7 L of drinking water per liter of milk produced,and the total water consumption per liter of milk produced was 13.1±6.0 L.(3)The use of flocculants in the biochemical treatment of dairy farm wastewater will consume additional water for preparation and further increase the amount of wastewater.Through the analysis of the water use composition of large-scale dairy farms,it is estimated that a dairy farm with 1,000 heads can realize water-saving and pollution-reduction by more than 3,000 m3 per year by collecting the cleaning wastewater of milking parlor ground and water trough for recycling,and changing the traditional spray system into infrared sensing spray system.

关 键 词：奶牛场 生产用水 挤奶厅 喷淋 节水减排 

分 类 号：S8-1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]