基于最大熵模型的西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地差异  

Differences in habitat distribution of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in the northwest Pacific based on a maximum entropy model

作　　者：刘思源 张衡[2] 杨超 方舟[1,3,4,5,6] LIU Siyuan;ZHANG Heng;YANG Chao;FANG Zhou(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science,Shanghai 200090,China;The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Shanghai Ocean University,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [5]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [6]农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2023年第4期806-817,共12页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41876141);上海市自然科学基金(18ZR1449800);农业农村部全球渔业资源调查监测评估(公海渔业资源综合科学调查)专项(D-8021-22-0129-01);农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放课题(LOF 2021-01)。

摘　　要：利用2017—2021年盛渔期(5—11月)在西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼(Sardinops melanostictus)和日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)的渔业数据,结合海表面温度(Sea surface temperature, SST)、海表面盐度(Sea surface salinity, SSS)、海表面高度(Sea surface height, SSH)、叶绿素a质量浓度(Chlorophyll-a,Chl.a)、涡旋动能(Eddy kinetic energy, EKE)、不同水层温度(包括50、100、150和200 m),通过贡献率的大小分别筛选出各月对远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭排位前3的关键因子,根据二者对各月关键环境因子的响应曲线,获得各月关键因子与二者潜在栖息地的月间变化关系,最终模拟出二者在5—11月的潜在栖息地分布图。结果表示,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的潜在栖息地变动与实际作业位置具有一致性,随着月份的增加均呈现先向东北方向移动,再向西南方向折回的运动趋势,且二者各月潜在栖息地位置均大范围重叠。在6、8—10月影响二者适宜栖息地变动的关键因子均为SSH、SST、Chl.a,且适宜范围相差不大。5、7、11月影响二者适宜栖息地变动的关键因子有所不同,远东拟沙丁鱼5月的关键因子为SSH、EKE、SST,7月为SSH、SST、Chl.a, 11月为EKE、SST、Chl.a,而日本鲭5月为SSH、EKE、Chl.a, 7月为SST、Chl.a、SSS,11月为SSH、SST、Chl.a,各月环境因子的适宜范围不同。此外,随着月份增加日本鲭最适栖息地面积向北逐渐缩小,7和11月面积最小,而远东拟沙丁鱼最适栖息地面积有增大趋势,11月最适栖息地延伸到37°N以北的地区。研究表明,SSH、SST、Chl.a的变化对西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭潜在栖息地分布变化均有重要影响,而EKE、SSS是造成二者之间潜在栖息地分布变化差异的主要原因。Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus,as the main associated species in the northwest Pacific Ocean,are of great scientific significance for the management and sustainable use of fishery resources to study their potential habitat distribution and differences in response to environmental changes in this area.The fishery data of S.melanostictus and S.japonicus in the northwest Pacific Ocean from May to November in 2017-2021 were used,combined with sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface salinity(SSS),sea surface height(SSH),chlorophyll-a(Chl.a),eddy kinetic energy(EKE),and water temperature at different depths(50,100,150,200 m)to construct a maximum entropy model.According to the response curves of the two to the key environmental factors of each month,the inter-month changes of the key factors on the potential habitats of S.melanostictus and S.japonicus were obtained,and the map of potential habitat distribution from May to November for S.melanostictus and S.japonicus was stimulated.The key factors affecting the change of suitable habitats from June and August to October were SSH,SST,and Chl.a,and their suitable ranges were not much different.The results show that the potential habitat changes of S.melanostictus and S.japonicus are consistent with the actual operating location,and with the increase of months,and they all show a trend of moving first to the northeast and turning back in the southwest direction,and their potential habitat positions overlap widely in each month.The key factors affecting the change of suitable habitat in May,July and November are different.The key factors affecting the change of suitable habitat in May,July and November are different,and the key factors of S.melanostictus are SSH,EKE,SST,the key factors in July are SSH,SST,Chl.a.The key factors in November are EKE,SST,Chl.a,while the key factors of S.japonicus are SSH,EKE,Chl.a in May,and the key factors in July are SST and Chl.a,SSS,while the key factors in November are SSH,SST,Chl.a,and the suitable range of environmental f

关 键 词：最大熵模型 西北太平洋 远东拟沙丁鱼 日本鲭 海洋环境 栖息地差异 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]