美国国土安全部科学技术局与国土安全先进研究计划署项目管理创新及启示  

Management Innovation of U.S.Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate and Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency and Its Implications for China

作　　者：邱俊 顾心怡 袁建湘 Qiu Jun;Gu Xinyi;Yuan Jianxiang(The High-technology Research&Development Center,the Ministry of Science&Technology,Beijing 100044,China;School of Public and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;National Research Center for Information Science and Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]科学技术部高技术研究发展中心,北京100044 [2]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [3]清华大学信息国家研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2023年第14期188-198,共11页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“基于大数据引文神经网络分析的颠覆性技术项目管理创新研究”(2022T150280);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“基于科学引文网络模型的颠覆性技术项目管理创新研究”(2022M711434)。

摘　　要：当前,科学技术在国家安全体系中的战略地位显著提升,科技发展与安全已从国家安全的间接因素上升为国家安全体系的基本构成领域之一。“9·11”恐怖袭击事件推动美国调整安全战略并成立国土安全部专门负责国内安全、应急事务处置及防止恐怖活动。首先概述美国近期国土安全科学与技术战略,然后基于这一使命定位,以美国国土安全部科学技术局及其下设的国土安全先进研究计划署为例,对其组织结构、运营管理模式、立项管理流程、绩效评估模式和成果转化等管理创新进行了总结和分析。作为国土安全技术领域科技计划的项目管理机构,美国国土安全部科学技术局引入矩阵式管理结构并调整下属部门职权以提高沟通和决策效率,采用集成产品团队方法统筹协调确定研发计划优先级并据此选择资助方式和合作模式,同时采取主动的内外部项目管理监测和评估模式开展项目绩效评估,最终形成集研发、转化、服务、资本于一体的科技成果转化模式。基于美国国土安全部科学技术局项目管理创新的经验,提出进一步完善我国安全科技活动管理的对策建议。At present,the strategic position of science and technology in the national security system has significantly improved,and technological development and security have risen from indirect factors of national security to one of the basic components of the national security system.After the September 11 attacks,the United States established a specialized agency,the Department of Homeland Security,to maintain domestic security and prevent terrorist attacks.The newest homeland security science and technology strategy of the United States is described.Based on this mission positioning,U.S.Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate and its affiliated Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency are taken as an example,the organizational structure,operational management mode,project approval management process,performance evaluation mode,and achievement transformation management innovation are summarizes and analyzed.As a project management agency for science and technology programs in the field of homeland security technology,the US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate has introduced a matrix management structure and adjusted the authority of its subordinate departments to improve communication and decision-making efficiency.What's more,the US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate adopts an integrated product team approach to coordinate and determine the priority level of research and development plans,and selects as funding and cooperation modes.At the same time,it adopts an active internal and external project management monitoring and evaluation mode to conduct project performance evaluation.Ultimately,a technology achievement transformation model integrating research and development,transformation,service,and capital is formed.Based on the experience of project management innovation of the US department of Homeland Security science and technology,suggestions for further improving the management of security technology activities

关 键 词：项目管理创新 美国国土安全部科学技术局 国土安全先进研究计划署 

分 类 号：C935[经济管理—管理学] C939[文化科学] C936G301