非水饱和相矿物表面催化转化有机污染物的研究进展  

Advances in mineral surface induced catalytic transformation of organic pollutants under the non-aqueous conditions

作　　者：黄姝晗 范振辉 谷成[1] 金鑫 Huang Shuhan;Fan Zhenhui;Gu Cheng;Jin Xin(School of Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院,南京210023

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期503-517,共15页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(2177706,41703090,22176092);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211154)。

摘　　要：天然矿物作为重要环境介质对有机污染物在环境中的迁移转化具有重要影响.干燥的矿物表面能展现出与在水溶液条件下截然不同的催化活性,如路易斯(Lewis)酸性和布朗斯特(Br?nsted)酸性等,对表面吸附的污染物具有更强的催化转化效应.决定矿物表面催化活性的性质包括矿物晶型结构,矿物表面活性金属原子位点密度和结构排列,矿物表面湿度.对于黏土矿物而言,层间交换性阳离子对其表面酸性和催化活性都具有重要影响.目前,有关非水饱和相矿物表面对有机污染物的催化转化过程多聚焦在水解反应和氧化还原反应.干燥的矿物表面能够通过极强的Bronsted酸性和Lewis酸性作用,催化有机污染物的易水解官能团(如酰胺键、磷脂键等)发生显著的水解反应,也可以与富电子的酚类化合物发生直接电子传递形成酚自由基,进一步氧化聚合产生二噁英等有毒物质.由于自然界土壤和大气颗粒物表面往往处于水分非饱和状态,因此针对非水饱和相条件下矿物表面催化转化污染物的研究具有重要的环境意义.基于矿物非水饱和相表面性质,综述了天然矿物与有机污染物在非水饱和相条件下发生的水解和氧化聚合反应,为今后的工作提供了展望.As important environmental components,soil minerals have shown strong impacts on the transport and transformation of contaminants in the environment.The dry mineral surface can exhibit distinctive physical chemical properties in comparison with that in aqueous solution,such as the much stronger surface Lewis acids,Bronsted acids,oxidative activity,which can catalyze the decomposition of some organic contaminants.The exchanged interlayer cations and structural metals are the source of surface acidity.And the mineral surface moisture condition can greatly affect its acidity and catalytic activity.Under the relatively dry surface condition,the mineral surface can degrade some organic pollutants through hydrolysis pathway,which favors to alleviate its environmental stress.On the other hand,the dry mineral surface can also promote polymerization reactions of phenol compounds,leading to the generation of more toxic substances such as dioxins,which on the contrary increased the ecological risk.Therefore,the study of the catalytic transformation of organic pollutants on mineral surface under non-aqueous condition is an important environmental issue.Based on the properties of minerals under non-aqueous conditions,this review summarized the hydrolysis and oxidative polymerization reactions on natural mineral surface under the non-aqueous conditions,providing perspectives for future work.

关 键 词：非水饱和相矿物表面 有机污染物 路易斯酸性 布朗斯特酸性 水解 氧化聚合 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]