发酵床养殖模式对牦牛寄生虫病防治及生产性能的影响  

The Effect of Fermentation Beds on the Prevention and Control of Parasitic Diseases in Yaks and the Production Performance of Yaks

作　　者：李英[1,2,3] 赵明川 冶有义 安志兴 陈建军[5] 仲海顺[6] 马玉春 赵琰 康世花 吴振霞 李中余 赵荣 胡晓宇 何永彩 张勤文 高小龙[1] 王稳 李增魁 Li Ying;Zhao Mingehuan;Ye Youyi;An Zhixing;Che Janjun;Zhong Hashun;Ma Yuchun;Zhao Yan;Kang Shihua;Wu Zhenxia;Li Zhongyu;Zhao Rong;Hu Xiaoyu;He Yongcai;Zhang Qinwen;Gao Xiaolong;Wang Wen;Li Zengkui(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Diseases and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Plateau Cold-water Fish Culture and Eco-environmental Conservation(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China;Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China;Agricultural Rural and Science and Technology Bureau of Xunhua County,Xunhua,Qinghai 811100,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省动物疾病病原诊断与绿色防控技术研究重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]农业农村部高原冷水鱼养殖与生态环境保护重点实验室(部省共建),青海西宁810016 [4]河南科技学院,河南新乡453002 [5]河南师范大学,河南新乡453002 [6]循化县农业农村和科技局,青海循化811100 [7]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2023年第9期110-114,共5页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：青海省“科技特派员工作站”专项(2023-NK-P44);青海省科技国际合作专项(2021-HZ-801)。

摘　　要：为探讨发酵床牦牛养殖模式对寄生虫病的防治效果,将120头体重均匀、体况良好的牦牛随机分为3个组(A、B、C),其中A组对垫料进行堆积发酵处理,并在试验期内进行2次驱虫,B组只对垫料进行堆积发酵处理,C组为对照组,不做任何处理。对3个组分别在发酵处理前15 d(-15 d)、处理当天(0 d),及进牦牛后45、90、120 d,采集发酵床表层垫料及新鲜牦牛粪样,采用饱和盐水漂浮法、虫卵沉淀法、麦克马斯特氏法进行寄生虫虫卵定性和定量检测,同时测定各组牦牛的体长和体高;从垫料发酵开始,每天测量3组试验牦牛发酵床垫料表层下20cm处的温度,连续测量15d。结果显示:A组、B组垫料最高温度分别达到(60.1±0.2)℃和(60.1±0.3)℃,其中A组显著高于C组(P <0.05),B组极显著高于C组(P <0.01),且发酵过程中A组和B组垫料的温度均维持在50℃以上;3组的垫料中都发现有蛔虫卵、吸虫卵、绦虫卵和球虫卵,但A组在牦牛进入后45 d时蛔虫卵和绦虫卵转阴,B组在试验期间始终能检测到虫卵,但有下降趋势,而C组在整个试验期间一直有虫卵存在,且数量呈持续上升趋势;A组牦牛的体高与体长在进入发酵床后显著高于B组(P <0.05),极显著高于C组(P <0.01)。结果表明,发酵床养殖模式结合定期驱虫,能有效降低牦牛场寄生虫感染率,提高牦牛生长性能。In order to study the prevention and control effect of parasitic diseases in yaks under the farming mode of fermentation beds,120 yaks with uniform body weight and good physical conditions were randomly divided into three groups(A,B and C).For groups A and B,bedding materials were stacked and fermented,but only group A were dewormed twice during the experimental period,while group C was without any treatment as the control group.The bedding materials on the surface of fermentation beds and fresh yak feces samples were collected from the three groups 15 days prior to fermentation(-15 d),on the day of treatment(0 d)and 45,90 and 120 days after entry of yaks,respectively,to conduct qualitative and quantitative detection of parasite eggs using the saturation salt solution floating method,egg precipitation method and MeMaster's method,meanwhile,the body length and height of the yaks in each group were measured.Starting from the fermentation of the bedding materials,the temperatures at a depth of 20 cm below the surface of the bedding materials in each group were measured every day for 15 consecutive days.The results showed that the highest temperatures of the padding materials in group A and B reached(60.1±0.2)℃and(60.1±0.3)℃C,respectively.Compared to group C,the temperature was higher in group A(P<0.05),and extremely higher in group B(P<0.01),and those in group A and B remained above 50℃C during the process of fermentation;the eggs of ascaris,trematode,cestode and coccidia were found from all bedding materials in each group,but the eggs of ascaris and cestode in group A turned negative 45 days after yaks entered,and worm eggs were always detected from groups B and C during the experiment,but tending to decrease in group B and increase in group C;the body height and length of the yaks in group A were significantly higher than those in group B(P<0.05)and extremely significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.01)after yaks entering fermentation beds.In conclusion,fermentation beds with regular disinsection cou

关 键 词：发酵床 牦牛 粪污资源化利用 寄生虫虫卵 生产性能 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]