初次配种妊娠月龄对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量、繁殖性能和产后健康的影响  

Effects of Age at First Pregnancy on Milk Yield,Reproductive Performance and Postpartum Health of Holstein Dairy Cows

作　　者：李霞 刘娜[1,2] 扎拉嘎 王小艳 王园 王步钰 安晓萍 齐景伟[1,2] LI Xia;LIU Na;ZHA Laga;WANG Xiaoyan;WANG Yuan;WANG Buyu;AN Xiaoping;QI Jingwei(College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region/National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Shengmu High-tech Animal Husbandry Co.LTD,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010111,China;College of Computer and Information Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]国家乳业技术创新中心,智慧畜牧自治区高等学校重点实验室,内蒙古自治区草食家畜饲料工程技术研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古圣牧高科牧业有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010111 [4]内蒙古农业大学计算机与信息工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2023年第9期327-331,共5页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFHH0072);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFSJ0029);国家乳业技术创新中心项目(2022-科研攻关-2)。

摘　　要：实验旨在研究初次配种妊娠月龄(AFP)对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量、繁殖性能和产后健康的影响。实验以内蒙古圣牧高科牧业有限公司2个规模化牧场1 876头荷斯坦青年母牛(A牧场1 004头,B牧场872头)为对象,将AFP分为5个组,分别为Ⅰ组(AFP<13.5)、Ⅱ组(AFP为13.5~14.0)、Ⅲ组(AFP为14.1~14.5)、Ⅳ组(AFP为14.6~16.0)、Ⅴ组(AFP>16.0),对比分析各组奶牛的平均产奶量、犊牛初生重、产后首次配种受胎率及产后疾病发生的数据。结果表明:2个规模化奶牛场以AFP≤16月龄为主(总占比为88.22%);AFP为13.5~14.0月龄时头胎牛的平均产奶量最佳,产后首次配种受胎率最高;AFP>16月龄时犊牛初生重最大,产后首次配种受胎率最低,产后胎衣不下的发生率最高;AFP<13.5月龄的奶牛产后真胃变位的发生率最高。综合以上结果,13.5~14.0月龄可能是荷斯坦青年牛适宜的初次配种月龄,这为规模化牧场选择合适的初次配种月龄提供了数据支撑。This study aimed to analyze the effects of age at first pregnancy(AFP)on milk yield,reproductive performance and postpartum health of dairy cows.The production data of 1876 Holstein dairy cows from two large-scale dairy cow herds(A herd 1004,B herd 872)in Inner Mongolia Shengmu High-tech Animal Husbandry Co.LTD were collected.The data was divided into 5 groups according to the AFP(AFP<13.5-month-old,AFP in 13.5~14.0-month-old,AFP in 14.01~14.5-month-old,AFP in 14.6-16.0-month-old and AFP>16-month-old).Milk production,birth weight of calf,postpartum first conception rate and incidence of postpartum disease were compared and analyzed in 5 experimental groups.The results showed that:1)The AFP of Hostein heifers in two large-scale farms were mainly less than or equal to 16-month-old(accounting for 88.22%of the total);2)When AFP was in 13.5~14.0-month-old,the best average milk yield during the first lactation and the first concept rate is the highest;3)When AFP greater than 16.0-month-old,the calves have the largest birth weight,the first concept rate is the lowest,the incidence of retained fetal membranes was high;4)When AFP less than 13.5-month-old,the incidence of displacement of abomasum.In conclusion,these results suggested that 13.5~14.0-month-old might be the most suitable age at first pregnancy for Holstein heifers,which provides data support for the selection of suitable age at first pregnancy for Holstein heifers in large-scale pastures.

关 键 词：荷斯坦青年牛 初次配种妊娠月龄 产奶量 犊牛初生重 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]