基于曲率优化的五轴数控加工刀具路径光顺算法  

Tool Path Smoothing Algorithm for Five-axis CNC Machining Based on Curvature Optimization

作　　者：黄孟杰 赵现朝[1] 程笛 HUANG Mengjie;ZHAO Xianchao;CHENG Di(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《机械设计与研究》2023年第4期124-130,共7页Machine Design And Research

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划项目(20511105702);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB1301902)。

摘　　要：针对计算机辅助制造(CAM)软件生成的五轴刀具路径只具有C0连续从而影响五轴混联数控机床的运行平稳性和工件的加工精度,设计了一种优化曲率的刀具路径光顺算法。对刀具路径分别设计局部光顺算法和全局光顺算法。局部光顺算法中,综合考虑路径的C^(2)连续性要求、光顺误差约束、曲率的影响进行控制点选择;以边界条件和光顺误差为约束,建立基于曲率最优的数学模型;通过带约束的改进粒子群算法进行精确快速求解,有效地降低了光顺路径曲率。全局光顺算法中,利用局部光顺算法的控制点选取方法对不满足误差要求的刀位点插入控制点。仿真测试表明算法能得到满足误差要求的C^(2)连续路径,通过碗形件的实际加工进一步验证了算法的有效性。Aiming at the problem that the five-axis tool path generated by computer aided manufacturing(CAM)software only has C'continuity,which affects the running stability of the five-axis hybrid CNC machine tool and the machining accuracy of the workpiece,a curvature optimized tool path smoothing algorithm is designed.Local and global smoothing algorithms are designed for tool path respectively.In the local smoothing algorithm,the C^(2)continuity requirements of the path,smoothing error constraints and curvature effects are considered comprehensively to select control points.Taking boundary conditions and smoothing error as constraints,a mathematical model based on curvature optimization is established.The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm with constraints is used to solve the problem accurately and quickly,effectively reducing the curvature of the smoothing path.In the global smoothing algorithm,the control points selection method of the local smoothing algorithm is used to insert control points into the cutter points that do not meet the error requirements.The simulation test shows that the algorithm can obtain C^(2)continuous path satisfying the error requirements,and the effectiveness of the algorithm is further verified by the practice machining of a bowl shaped workpiece.

关 键 词：路径光顺 改进粒子群算法 误差约束 曲率优化 C2连续 

分 类 号：TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]