小流量高扬程液氢泵水力优化和抗空化的结构设计  

The Design of a Liquid Hydrogen Pump With Small Flow and High Head Based on Hydraulic Optimization and Cavitation Resistance

作　　者：邵雪 孟多[1] 祝世庆[1] 胡康 SHAO Xue;MENG Duo;ZHU Shiqing;HU Kang(School of Civil and Architectural Engineering,Liaoning University of Technology,Jinzhou Liaoning 121001,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics,TIPC,Beijing 100190,China;China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.Ltd,Guangzhou 510663)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工业大学土木建筑工程学院,辽宁锦州121001 [2]中国科学院低温工程学重点实验室(理化技术研究所),北京100190 [3]中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广州510663

出　　处：《机械设计与研究》2023年第4期217-223,229,共8页Machine Design And Research

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目面上项目(LJKMZ20220980);辽宁省教育厅青年育苗科研项目(JQL201915403);中国科学院低温工程学重点实验室开放课题(CRYO202207)。

摘　　要：针对液氢在低温系统或低温储罐中输送的应用需求,依靠泵设计经验参数取值而设计的小流量高扬程液氢泵,相似定律转换为模型泵,试验测试其外特性得到:在额定工况下,与理论扬程相比,泵内存在6 m水力损失,同时,液氢总是处于近饱和状态,特别当泵前低温流体的进口压力降低或波动时,离心式液氢泵极易发生空化,造成扬程下降。以提高液氢泵的抗空化特性和提高泵水力效率为目标,建立小流量高扬程液氢泵的多目标优化设计方法,依据小流量高扬程液氢泵模型泵的外特性测试结果,对泵头的几何结构参数进行优化设计,结果表明:叶轮入口直径增大1.5 mm、直角的叶片进、出口安放角减小为60°、叶轮出口直径减小0.5 mm、叶片进口宽度减小0.1 mm,叶片出口宽度减小0.3 mm,减小流体出口间隙,有利于泵减小水力损失,提高泵效率,并改善泵的空化性能。本研究采用的计算方法为小流量高扬程液氢泵高效水力模型的优化设计提供参考,研究结果为小流量高扬程液氢泵的结构优化和获得工作特性的实验研究提供理论依据。According to the application requirements of liquid hydrogen(LH,)transportation in cryogenic systems or storage tanks,a LH,pump with small flow and high head is designed based on the value of empirical parameters which is converted into a model pump by similarity law.It is found that under rated operating conditions,compared to the theoretical head,there is a hydraulic loss of 6 m and at the same time,because LH,is in saturated state,when the inlet pressure of cryogenic fluid decreases or fluctuates,the centrifugal LH2 pumps are prone to cavitation,resulting in a drop in head.In order to improve the cavitation resistance and hydraulic efficiency of LH,pumps,the multi-objective optimization design method for the LH,pump with small flow and high head is established.Based on testing of the model pump from LH,pumps,the geometric parameters of the pump head are optimized and designed.The results show that:the inlet diameter of the impeller is increased by 1.5 mm,the inlet angle and outlet angle of the blades are reduced to 60°,and the outlet diameter of the impeller is decreased by 0.5 mm,further reducing the inlet width of the blade by 0.1 mm and the outlet width of the blade by 0.3 mm,which is beneficial to reducing hydraulic losses,improving pump efficiency,and improving the cavitation performance of the pump.It provides a reference for the optimal design of efficient hydraulics model for LH,pumps.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization and experimental research of a small flow and high head LH2 pump.

关 键 词：小流量高扬程 液氢泵 水力优化 抗空化 性能改进 

分 类 号：TH31[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TB654[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]